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Indigenous sheep breeds of North Ethiopia: characterization of their phenotype and major production system

机译：北埃塞俄比亚的土著绵羊品种：其表型和主要生产系统的表征

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摘要

A study was conducted in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia to describe the sheep breeds and their production system. The survey was done in selected districts known for their high sheep population density. The phenotype characterization identified distinct features for each breed. The breeds are Aberegelle, Ille, Begait, and the common Tigrai highland sheep. The strong discriminating phenotypes are face profile, tail type, and compactness; accounting for 83.48, 17.95, and 2.93 % respectively of the total variability among breeds. The flock structure are affected by the market demand; requirements of breeding females and feed availability. Farmers tend to keep more female sheep for longer (culling age of 5.9 +/- 0.4 and 1.9 +/- 0.5 for females and males, respectively) for the reasons of feed shortage and need to maximize number of breeding female. The ratio of male to overall female is large (1:6) and thus a single ram gets maximum contact time with ewes and ewe lambs. The overall average age at puberty for females is 9-14 months. However, the presence of very young lamb rams and uncontrolled mating system lead to early breeding of females which results in low conception rate, low birth weight, poor survival rates, and in extreme cases causing inbreeding. It was also possible to identify the critical control points such as breed, age of animals, nutrition, and feeding systems affecting the provision of live animals for good meat quality.
机译：在埃塞俄比亚北部的提格拉进行了一项研究，以描述绵羊的品种及其生产系统。这项调查是在一些羊群密度高的地区进行的。表型表征鉴定了每个品种的不同特征。品种有Aberegelle，Ille，Begait和普通的Tigrai高地绵羊。最强的区分表型是脸型，尾巴型和紧致度。分别占品种总变异性的83.48％，17.95％和2.93％。羊群结构受市场需求影响;育种的要求和饲料供应。农民倾向于保留更多的雌性绵羊更长的时间（雌性和雄性的淘汰年龄分别为5.9 +/- 0.4和1.9 +/- 0.5），原因是饲料短缺，需要最大限度地繁殖雌性。雄性与雌性的比例很大（1：6），因此单个公羊与母羊和母羊羔的接触时间最长。女性的青春期总体平均年龄为9-14个月。然而，很年轻的羔羊公羊和不受控制的交配系统的存在导致雌性的早期繁殖，这导致受胎率低，出生体重低，存活率差，并在极端情况下导致近交。还可以确定关键的控制点，例如品种，动物的年龄，营养以及影响提供优质肉食的活体动物的饲喂系统。

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