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首页> 外文期刊>Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences >The Use of Electronic Tags in Fish Research - An Overview of Fish Telemetry Methods
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The Use of Electronic Tags in Fish Research - An Overview of Fish Telemetry Methods

机译：电子标签在鱼类研究中的应用-鱼类遥测方法概述

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An overview of electronic tags that can be used in fish research is given, including radio and acoustic transmitters, data storage tags (DST, also termed archival tags), pop-up satellite archival tags (PSAT) and passive integrated transponder tags (PIT-tag). Fish telemetry is a term used to describe the application of these methods. Typically, an electronic tag is attached to a free-swimming fish, and information on position, movements and/or measurements of environmental and physiological parameters can be recorded wirelessly by use of a mobile receiver or stationary loggers. For most methods, the fish need not to be recaptured to achieve data. However, DSTs record and store information on environmental and/or physiological parameters in the tag, and therefore need to be retrieved for downloading data. In the case of PSATs, stored data is transferred to satellites when the tag loosens from the fish and pops up to the surface, and in addition, the pop up position is recorded. The developments of telemetry methods have provided opportunities to reveal previously unknown information on fish behavior, habitat use and migrations in fresh water, estuaries, near-coastal areas and oceans, especially since extensive long-term data can be collected repeatedly from individual fish. Detailed information on fish behaviour and migrations is needed to better understand, protect and manage fishes in freshwater and marine systems. The development of successful management measures depends on knowledge of where fish reside and migrate during the day, season and year. There has been a tremendous increase in the use of electronic tagging methods, especially during the last 10-20 years. In addition to descriptive and ecological studies, the methods have been used to assess effects of for instance hydropower production, other river regulations, migration barriers, protected areas, fishing regulations, catch-and-release angling, hatchery-rearing, fish aggregating devices (FADs), water pollution and aquaculture. The main methods for attaching electronic tags to fish are 1) surgical implantation in the body cavity, 2) external attachment, and 3) gastric insertion via the mouth. Potential negative handling effects are inflammations, infections, tag expulsion, altered behavior, decreased swimming performance, reduced feeding, reduced growth and increased mortality. The catch, handling and tagging procedures should have minimal effects on the fish. If not, an anomalous behaviour caused by the tagging may be recorded instead of the natural behaviour, and the study is a failure from a scientific point of view. Furthermore, optimal anaesthetic and tagging methods are required to meet the ethical standards for use of experimental animals, and to ensure fish survival and welfare.
机译：概述了可用于鱼类研究的电子标签，包括无线电和声发射器，数据存储标签（DST，也称为档案标签），弹出式卫星档案标签（PSAT）和无源集成应答器标签（PIT-标签）。鱼遥测是用于描述这些方法的应用的术语。通常，将电子标签附在自由游动的鱼上，并且可以通过使用移动接收器或固定记录器来无线记录关于位置，运动和/或环境和生理参数的测量的信息。对于大多数方法，无需重新捕获鱼来获取数据。但是，DST在标签中记录和存储有关环境和/或生理参数的信息，因此需要检索以下载数据。对于PSAT，当标签从鱼身上松开并弹出到水面时，存储的数据将传输到卫星，此外，还记录了弹出位置。遥测方法的发展为揭示以前未知的鱼类行为，栖息地使用以及淡水，河口，近岸地区和海洋中的迁移的信息提供了机会，特别是因为可以从单个鱼类中反复收集大量的长期数据。需要有关鱼类行为和迁移的详细信息，以便更好地了解，保护和管理淡水和海洋系统中的鱼类。成功的管理措施的制定取决于对鱼在白天，季节和年份中的栖息和迁徙的了解。电子标签方法的使用已大大增加，尤其是在过去的10-20年中。除了描述性和生态研究之外，这些方法还用于评估水电生产，其他河流法规，移民壁垒，保护区，捕鱼法规，捕捞和放渔，孵化场饲养，鱼类聚集设备（ FADs），水污染和水产养殖。将电子标签贴到鱼上的主要方法是：1）在体腔中进行外科手术植入; 2）外部贴附;以及3）通过嘴部插入胃。潜在的负面处理影响是炎症，感染，标签排出，行为改变，游泳成绩下降，进食减少，生长减少和死亡率增加。捕捞，处理和标记程序对鱼类的影响应最小。如果不是这样，则可能会记录由标签引起的异常行为，而不是自然行为，并且从科学的角度来看，这项研究是失败的。此外，需要最佳的麻醉和标记方法，以符合使用实验动物的道德标准，并确保鱼的生存和福祉。

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