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首页> 外文期刊>Vegetation History and Archaeobotany >A marine/terrestrial integration for mid-late Holocene vegetation history and the development of the cultural landscape in the Po valley as a result of human impact and climate change. (Special Issue: Human landscapes and climate change during Holocene.)
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A marine/terrestrial integration for mid-late Holocene vegetation history and the development of the cultural landscape in the Po valley as a result of human impact and climate change. (Special Issue: Human landscapes and climate change during Holocene.)

机译：由于人类影响和气候变化而导致的全新世中期晚期植被历史和波河谷文化景观发展的海洋/陆地整合。 （特刊：全新世期间的人类景观和气候变化。）

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Integration of pollen data from both marine and terrestrial cores contributes to the understanding of the timing of the climatic and human forces that shaped the cultural landscapes in the Italian peninsula. This paper focuses on the relation between natural and human landscapes, and the development of the cultural landscape from the Bronze Age to the medieval period and modern times. Two records were studied within independent projects, first the marine core RF93-30, from the central Adriatic, with a sediment source area including the Po valley and which spans the last 7,000 years, and secondly, material from the site of Terramara di Montale, a Bronze Age settlement on the Po plain, which was occupied from approximately 3550-3200 cal. B.P. The original chronology of the marine core was developed by using the magnetic inclination of the secular variation record and two 14C dates carried out on benthic and planktic foraminifera at depths of 527 and 599 cm. Its pollen record shows a gradual irreversible trend towards increasing aridity since 5700 cal. B.P. and, just after around 5100 cal. B.P., a Picea decline and a Quercus ilex type increase indicate less cool conditions. Human impact introduces rapid changes, such as the decrease of Abies alba, thinned by the reduction of precipitation and further cleared before or during the Early Bronze Age, followed by the fall of oaks. The latter started after around 3900 cal. B.P., and became evident at around 3600 cal. B.P. The gradual increase in signs of open landscape and woodland clearance correspond to the onset of Middle Bronze Age settlements in the Po valley, and to the development of the cultural landscape in the region. The impact of the terramare people includes woodland management by coppicing, and division of the territory into a patchwork of pastures and fields. Dry environments are indicated mainly by Cichorioideae, resulting from the continued human pressure, and these spread since the Recent Bronze Age. Of the possible causes for the decline of the terramare, we suggest that climate would have been less important in the decline than in the onset phases. The later cultural landscapes are mainly indicated by the trends of the Olea, Juglans and Castanea (OJC) records, besides those of cereals. At around 700 cal. B.P., the "chestnut landscape" spread while modern times are shown by the finds of Zea mays.
机译：来自海洋和陆地核心的花粉数据的集成有助于理解形成意大利半岛文化景观的气候和人类力量的时间。本文着眼于自然与人文景观之间的关系，以及从青铜时代到中世纪和近代文化景观的发展。在独立项目中对两项记录进行了研究，第一项是来自亚得里亚海中部的海洋核心RF93-30，沉积物源区域包括Po山谷，跨越了过去7,000年;其次，该材料来自Terramara di Montale，位于Po平原的青铜时代定居点，约占3550-3200 cal。 B.P.利用世俗变化记录的磁倾角和在底栖和板状有孔虫上分别在527和599 cm的深度上进行了两次 14 C日期，开发了海心的原始年代。其花粉记录显示，自5700 cal开始，干旱程度逐渐呈不可逆转的趋势。 B.P.并且，大约在5100卡路里之后。 B.P.，白云杉下降和栎栎类型增加表明凉爽条件较差。人类的影响导致了快速的变化，例如白冷杉的减少，由于降水减少而变薄，并在青铜时代初期或之前进一步清除，随后橡树倒下。后者大约在3900 cal之后开始。 B.P.，并在3600 cal左右变得明显。 B.P.开放景观和林地清除迹象的逐渐增加与Po河谷中古青铜时代定居点的开始以及该地区文化景观的发展相对应。领地人民的影响包括通过交配进行林地管理，并将领土划分为牧场和田地。干旱的环境主要是由于持续的人类压力导致的Ci草科，并且这些环境自最近的青铜时代开始传播。在terramare下降的可能原因中，我们建议气候下降比开始阶段的重要性要小。除谷物外，后来的文化景观主要由Olea，Juglans和Castanea（OJC）记录的趋势指示。约700卡公元前B.P.，“栗子景观”在传播，而Zea mays的发现则展现了现代。

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