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International experiences with privatization and liberalization of the water industry

机译：水行业私有化和自由化的国际经验

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摘要

Liberalization in network industries is a worldwide phenomenon, whereby the water sector is a special case. Due to technical and economical characteristics it is difficult to introduce competition. At the same time, public interests in the water supply act as an impediment to privatization of public water utilities. An intensive debate is currently in progress in Germany as to how to reorganize die water sector and it is worth-while to review international experiences with privatization and liberalization. The present paper focuses on developments in England, France and in the Netherlands. While England is an example of full privatization of utilities, France choose a franchise model. The Dutch government decided to maintain the water industry inthe public sector but at the same time to massively intervene in market structures and to introduce a new system of price regulation. Analysis of the water sector in these three countries shows that before any conclusions are reached, it is crucial to consider the specific circumstances in the country concerned.
机译：网络行业的自由化是一种全球现象，水行业是一个特例。由于技术和经济特性，很难引入竞争。同时，供水中的公共利益阻碍了公共供水公用事业的私有化。关于如何重组水务部门，德国目前正在进行激烈的辩论，值得回顾一下私有化和自由化的国际经验。本文着重于英格兰，法国和荷兰的发展。虽然英格兰是公用事业完全私有化的一个例子，但法国选择了特许经营模式。荷兰政府决定维持公共部门的水工业，但与此同时要大规模干预市场结构并引入新的价格监管体系。对这三个国家的水部门的分析表明，在得出任何结论之前，至关重要的是要考虑有关国家的具体情况。

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