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Workload and its impact on community pharmacists' job satisfaction and stress: A review of the literature

机译：工作量及其对社区药剂师工作满意度和压力的影响：文献综述

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Objective The objective was to identify, review and evaluate published literature on workloads of pharmacists in community pharmacy. It included identification of research involving the measurement of pharmacist workload and its impact on stress levels and job satisfaction. The review focused on literature relating to practice in the UK. Methods Electronic databases were searched from 1995 to May 2011. In addition, manual searches were completed for documents not available electronically. The findings were analysed with specific focus on research methodology, workload and its impact on pharmacist job satisfaction and stress levels. Key findings Thirteen relevant studies relating to workload in community pharmacy alone or in conjunction with job satisfaction and stress were identified. One utilised both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify differences in pharmacist workload in retail pharmacy businesses before and after the implementation of the 2005 English and Welsh community pharmacy contractual framework. This indicated that pharmacists spend most of their working day dispensing. The majority of studies suggested community pharmacists generally perceived that workload levels were increasing. Several also stated that increased workload contributed to increasing job-related stress and decreasing job satisfaction. No studies reporting dispensing rates for community pharmacies in the UK were identified and there was limited evidence concerning time devoted to non-dispensing services. One study investigated the differences between self-estimated and actual workload. Conclusions Whilst there is a clear perception that the type and amount of work output expected from individual community pharmacists has been changing and increasing over the last few decades, pharmacists are viewed as continuing to remain based in the dispensary. The impact of such changes to the practice of community pharmacy in the UK is poorly defined, although links have been made to increasing levels of pharmacist job dissatisfaction and stress.
机译：目的目的是确定，审查和评估有关社区药房药剂师工作量的公开文献。它包括鉴定涉及测量药剂师工作量及其对压力水平和工作满意度的影响的研究。审查的重点是与英国实践有关的文献。方法检索1995年至2011年5月的电子数据库。此外，还完成了手动搜索，以查找没有电子版本的文档。对这些发现进行了分析，尤其侧重于研究方法，工作量及其对药剂师工作满意度和压力水平的影响。主要发现鉴定了13项与社区药房工作量相关的研究，这些研究单独或与工作满意度和压力相关。一种方法是使用定性和定量方法来确定2005年英语和威尔士社区药房合同框架实施前后零售药房业务中药师工作量的差异。这表明药剂师大部分时间都是在配药。大多数研究表明，社区药师普遍认为工作量正在增加。一些人还说，工作量增加导致与工作有关的压力增加和工作满意度下降。在英国，没有发现报告社区药店配药率的研究，并且关于用于非配药服务的时间的证据有限。一项研究调查了自我估计工作量与实际工作量之间的差异。结论尽管在过去的几十年中人们已经清楚地认识到个体社区药剂师所期望的工作类型和工作量正在发生变化和增加，但药剂师仍被视为继续在药房工作。尽管这种变化与药剂师对工作的不满和压力越来越大，但这种变化对英国社区药房实践的影响尚不明确。

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