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Review of Oil Families and Their Petroleum Systems of the Williston Basin

机译：威利斯顿盆地的油族及其石油系统研究述评

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摘要

The petroleum system concept was first applied in 1974 (Dow/Williams) to identify three oil systems in the Williston Basin, and recent studies have expanded the number to at least nine. This paper reviews the petroleum geochemistry, oil-oil, and oil-source correlations of the oil systems of the Williston Basin, providing a new perspective and some new findings. Petroleum systems with a known source (documented oil-source correlation) include the Red River (Ordovician), Winnipegosis (Devonian), Bakken (Devonian-Mississippian), Madison (Mississippian), and Tyler (Pennsylvanian) systems. Petroleum systems with an identified source rock but no documented oil-source correlation are considered hypothetical and include the Winnipeg (Ordovician), Duperow (Devonian), and Birdbear (Devonian). The Deadwood (Cambrian-Ordovician) petroleum system is speculative because a good oil-prone source rock has not been identified. The stratigraphic distribution of the oil families from each system is generally limited to the same formation from which they were sourced due to efficient seals and a paucity of vertical migration pathways, but some notable exceptions do occur. Oil bulk properties such as API gravity, sulfur content, and pour point are much underutilized in the recent geochemical literature and are found to be useful here in differentiating oil families. The Red River petroleum system has two oil families that can be differentiated based on pour point. The oils in the Madison petroleum system can be divided into two families based on API gravity-sulfur content relationships, with one family derived from Type II-S kerogen and the other family derived from Type II kerogen with medium sulfur content. The Tyler petroleum system of the Williston Basin may be distinguished from the Heath-Tyler petroleum system in central Montana based on differences in geology and petroleum geochemistry, with Tyler petroleum system oils having a higher pour point and lower sulfur content.
机译：石油系统概念最早是在1974年（Dow / Williams）应用的，用于识别Williston盆地中的三个石油系统，最近的研究已将该数字扩展到至少九个。本文综述了威利斯顿盆地石油系统的石油地球化学，石油与油源的相关性，提供了一个新的观点和一些新发现。已知来源的石油系统（已记录的油源相关性）包括：红河（奥陶纪），温尼伯西斯病（德文尼亚），巴肯（德文森－密西西比州），麦迪逊（密西西比州）和泰勒（宾夕法尼亚州）系统。具有确定的烃源岩但没有记录的油源相关性的石油系统被认为是假设的，包括温尼伯（奥陶纪），杜珀罗（德文尼亚）和伯德贝尔（德文尼亚）。死木（寒武纪-奥陶纪）的石油系统是投机性的，因为尚未发现良好的易生油烃源岩。由于有效的密封作用和很少的垂直运移途径，每个系统的油类地层分布通常仅限于与它们来源相同的地层，但是确实有一些例外。在最近的地球化学文献中，诸如API重力，硫含量和倾点之类的油散装特性没有得到充分利用，并且在区分油类中很有用。红河石油系统有两个石油类，可以根据倾点进行区分。根据API重力-硫含量关系，麦迪逊石油系统中的油可分为两个家族，一个家族源自II-S型干酪根，另一个家族源自具有中等硫含量的II型干酪根。基于地质和石油地球化学的差异，威利斯顿盆地的泰勒石油系统可能与蒙大拿州中部的希思-泰勒石油系统有所区别，泰勒石油系统油的倾点较高且硫含量较低。

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