Letter from North America: Medical education in the United States of America

SewellD.B.; BuitragoD.; AdusumilliP.S.

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Letter from North America: Medical education in the United States of America

机译：北美的来信：美利坚合众国的医学教育

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MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Throughout its history, medical education in the USA has been delivered through one of three systems: the apprenticeship system, in which students received instruction from a local practitioner; the proprietary school system; or the university system. The most common method for medical instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries, the apprenticeship system, in time faded from prominence as the need for physicians increased. The university schools were eventually outnumbered by the proprietary schools, owned by a small faculty who operated the institutions for profit and measured their success in financial terms. At the proprietary schools, both entrance and graduation requirements were low, and classes consisted of didactic lectures in which students studied the same subjects and content over the course of two identical terms, requiring rote memorization and repetition of material. Laboratory and clinical work were minimal or nonexistent, the schools were not affiliated with universities, and the faculty was not involved in research.

机译：美利坚合众国的医学教育：纵观其历史，美国的医学教育是通过以下三种系统之一进行的：学徒制，学生从当地从业者那里接受指导;专有学校系统;或大学系统。学徒制是18世纪和19世纪初最常见的医学教学方法，随着医生需求的增加，学徒制逐渐消失。最终，私立学校的数量远远超过了私立学校，而私立学校则由一所小型学院所拥有，后者经营着这些机构以牟利并以财务衡量其成功与否。在私立学校中，入学和毕业的要求都很低，并且课程由讲授性的讲座组成，在该课程中，学生以两个相同的术语学习相同的主题和内容，需要死记硬背和重复材料。实验室和临床工作很少或根本没有，学校不隶属于大学，教师也不参与研究。

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《The National medical journal of India》 |2013年第5期|共2页
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SewellD.B.; BuitragoD.; AdusumilliP.S.;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类医药、卫生;
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7. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology31This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees in August 2001, the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in August 2001, and the European Society of Cardiology Board and Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences in August 2001.32When citing this document, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology would appreciate the following citation format: Fuster V, Rydén LE, Asinger RW, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Frye RL, Halperin JL, Kay GN, Klein WW, Lévy S, McNamara RL, Prystowsky EN, Wann LS, Wyse DG. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1231–65).33This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the American College of Cardiology (http://www.acc.org), the American Heart Association (http://www.americanheart.org), the European Society of Cardiology (http://www.escardio.org), and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (http://www.naspe.org). Single reprints of this document (the Executive Summary and Summary of Recommendations) is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-1699. To obtain a reprint of the complete guidelines published in the mid-October issue of the European Heart Journal, call +44 207 424 4200 or +44 207 424 4389, fax +44 207 424 4433, or write Harcourt Publishers Ltd, European Heart Journal, ESC Guidelines - Reprints, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BY, United Kingdom. To purchase additional reprints, specify version and reprint number (Executive Summary 71-0208; Full-Text 71-0209): up to 999 copies, call 800-611-6083 (US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 214-706-1466, fax 214-691-6342; or E-mail pubauth@heart.org. [O] . Fuster Valentin, Rydén Lars E, Asinger Richard W, 2001

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Letter from North America: Medical education in the United States of America

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