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首页> 外文期刊>Water Science and Technology >Point and diffuse load of nutrients to the Baltic Sea by river basins of north east Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
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Point and diffuse load of nutrients to the Baltic Sea by river basins of north east Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

机译：德国东北部（Mecklenburg-Vorpommern）流域向波罗的海传播的养分点和分散负载

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The results of a study on the riverine nutrient emissions and loads of nine river basins of the country Mecklenburg-Vorpommern to the Baltic Sea are presented for the period 1992 to 1994. The basins represent about 76% of the Baltic Sea catchment area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommem. The population living in the basins causes point emissions of 1752 tN/a and 293 tP/a. The analysis of diffuse emissions of nutrients is based on digitized maps of the land use and the soil types, the livestock numbers in the basins and measurements on the nutrient concentrations in the groundwater and drainage areas. The used method considers different pathways of diffuse sources as load from urban areas, erosion, load by groundwater, and drainage systems, atmospheric deposition, and direct load by agricultural activities. The dominant pathway of nitrogen emissions is the emissions of drainage. For phosphorus the emissions by erosion, groundwater and drainage are the main sources. The emissions of point sources contribute to the total emissions to 10% (N) and 25% (P), respectively. The measured nutrient load at the monitoring stations of the rivers is in all cases lower than the sum of the nutrient emissions. This behaviour can be explained by intensive retention processes in the rivers, which depends an the specific runoff, and for nitrogen additionally on the area of surface water in the basin. Measures against the high nutrient load have to be focussed on the reduction of diffuse sources, especially the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus by drainage systems have to be reduced, and additionally in the case of phosphorus the emissions by erosion and by direct agricultural load. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 19]
机译：给出了1992年至1994年期间梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞州至波罗的海的9个流域的河流养分排放和负荷的研究结果。这些流域约占梅克伦堡-波罗的海集水区的76％ Vorpommem。生活在流域的人口导致点排放分别为1752 tN / a和293 tP / a。养分扩散排放的分析是基于土地利用和土壤类型，流域内牲畜数量以及地下水和流域养分浓度测量值的数字化地图。所使用的方法将扩散源的不同路径视为城市地区的负荷，侵蚀，地下水和排水系统的负荷，大气沉降以及农业活动的直接负荷。氮排放的主要途径是排水排放。对于磷，侵蚀，地下水和排水的排放是主要来源。点源的排放量分别占总排放量的10％（N）和25％（P）。在所有情况下，河流监测站测得的养分负荷均低于养分排放总量。可以通过在河流中密集的滞留过程来解释这种现象，这取决于特定的径流，而对于氮，另外取决于盆地中地表水的面积。应对高营养负荷的措施必须集中在减少分散源上，特别是必须减少排水系统的氮和磷的排放，此外，在磷的情况下，由于侵蚀和直接农业负荷而产生的排放也应减少。 （C）1998由Elsevier Science Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。 [参考：19]

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