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Vertebrate radiation of the Jehol Biota and their environmental background

机译：热河生物群的脊椎动物辐射及其环境背景

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Significant progress has been made in recent years in the studies of various groups of the Jehol Biota, particularly concerning the origin of birds and their flight as well as the evolution of Early Cretaceous birds, dinosaurs, mammals, insects and flowering plants. As a result, the Jehol Biota has become well known to both the scientific community and the public. The studies on the Jehol Biota also revealed the patterns and processes of the evolutionary radiations of many major groups of Early Cretaceous animals and plants, such as the earliest known radiation of angiosperms and birds, early differentiation of mammals and many Cretaceous dinosaurian groups. Notably, the radiations of the Jehol vertebrates share some similar patterns attributable to the particular environmental background. For instance, the Jehol vertebrate radiations are highlighted by the presence of abundant arboreal adaptations and herbivorous forms, thus closely linked to the forest environments. In addition, the differentiation of habitats and diets is also characteristic of the evolutionary radiations of pterosaurs, dinosaurs, birds and mammals in the Jehol Biota.The pterosaur radiation in the Jehol Biota was dominated by the short-tailed pterodactyloid pterosaurs. The Yixian Formation and the overlying Jiufotang Formation represent the two successive stages of the radiation of the Jehol pterosaurs.these pterosaurs all possessed both arboreal adaptations and strong flying capability, Except a few insectivorous forms, most of them fed on fishes or other aquatic animals. Conceivably, the Jehol pterosaurs mainly lived in the forest near the freshwater lakes.
机译：近年来，在热河生物群的各个群体的研究中取得了重大进展，特别是在鸟类的起源，它们的飞行以及早白垩纪鸟类，恐龙，哺乳动物，昆虫和开花植物的进化方面。因此，热河生物群系已为科学界和公众所熟知。对热河生物群的研究还揭示了早白垩世动植物许多主要群体的进化辐射的模式和过程，例如已知的最早的被子植物和鸟类辐射，哺乳动物的早期分化以及许多白垩纪的恐龙。值得注意的是，热河脊椎动物的辐射具有某些相似的模式，这归因于特定的环境背景。例如，热河脊椎动物的辐射以丰富的树木适应和草食形式而突出，因此与森林环境紧密相关。除此之外，生境和饮食的差异也是热河生物群翼龙，恐龙，鸟类和哺乳动物进化辐射的特征。热河生物群中的翼龙辐射主要是短尾翼手龙类翼龙。义县组和上覆的九佛堂组代表了热翼龙辐射的两个连续阶段，这些翼龙既具有树栖适应性，又具有较强的飞行能力，除了几种食虫性形式外，大多数以鱼类或其他水生动物为食。可以想象，热河翼龙主要生活在淡水湖附近的森林中。

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