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Role of Toll-like receptors in regulatory functions of T and B cells

机译：Toll样受体在T细胞和B细胞调节功能中的作用

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摘要

Pathogens can find their ways to most sites in the host. Pathogen sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), must be equally and broadly distributed on immune cells to combat them through innate and adaptive immunity. Most classes of TLRs are found in innate immune cells to obtain an immediate response against pathogens, but recent studies indicate that a number of TLRs are wildly expressed in T and B cells, suggesting TLRs also directly regulate adaptive immune responses. Due to the rapid increase of new information on the multiple roles of TLRs, in this paper we aim to review several main properties of TLRs and their direct role in T and B cells. This review consists of 6 parts: (i) Characteristics of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signaling; (ii) signalling pathways of TLRs; (iii) TLR expressions on human leukocytes; (iv) TLR expressions and functions in the Thl, CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells and regulatory/suppressor T as well as B cell populations; (v) therapeutic potential of TLR agonists; (Vi) discussion and perspective. The latest findings and potential therapeutic applications are discussed. There is growing evidence supporting the concept that TLR activation contributes not only to innate immunity but also to adaptive immunity, including direct regulation of both T and B lymphocytes by TLRs.
机译：病原体可以找到通往宿主中大多数部位的途径。诸如Toll样受体（TLR）之类的病原体传感器必须在免疫细胞上均匀且广泛地分布，以通过先天性和适应性免疫来对抗它们。在先天免疫细胞中发现了大多数类型的TLR，以获得对病原体的即时反应，但是最近的研究表明，许多TLR在T细胞和B细胞中狂野表达，表明TLR也直接调节适应性免疫反应。由于有关TLR多重作用的新信息的迅速增加，本文旨在综述TLR的几个主要特性及其在T细胞和B细胞中的直接作用。这篇综述由6部分组成：（i）Toll样受体（TLR）和信号传导的特征; （ii）TLR的信号通路; （iii）人白细胞上的TLR表达; （iv）Thl，CD4 + CD45RO +记忆T细胞和调节/抑制T细胞以及B细胞群体中的TLR表达和功能; （v）TLR激动剂的治疗潜力; （六）讨论与展望。讨论了最新发现和潜在的治疗应用。越来越多的证据支持这一概念，即TLR激活不仅有助于先天免疫，还有助于适应性免疫，包括TLR直接调节T和B淋巴细胞。

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