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When urban taps run dry: Sachet water consumption and health effects in low income neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana

机译：当城市水龙头干dry时：加纳阿克拉低收入社区的香囊水消耗和健康影响

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摘要

Intraurban differentials in safe drinking water in developing cities have been exacerbated by rapid population growth that exceeds expansion of local water infrastructure. In Accra, Ghana, municipal water is rationed to meet demand, and the gap in water services is increasingly being filled by private water vendors selling packaged "sachet" water. Sachets extend drinking water coverage deeper into low-income areas and alleviate the need for safe water storage, potentially introducing a health benefit over stored tap water. We explore correlates of using sachets as the primary drinking water source for 2093 women in 37 census areas classified as slums by UN-Habitat, and links between sachet water and reported diarrhea episodes in a subset of 810 children under five. We find that neighborhood rationing exerts a strong effect on a household's likelihood of buying sachet water, and that sachet customers tend to be the poorest of the poor. Sachet use is also associated with higher levels of self-reported overall health in women, and lower likelihood of diarrhea in children. We conclude with implications for sachet regulation in Accra and other sub-Saharan cities facing drinking water shortages.
机译：人口的迅速增长超过了当地水基础设施的扩张，加剧了发展中城市的城市内安全饮用水的差异。在加纳的阿克拉，对市政用水进行了定量配给以满足需求，私人服务商销售包装好的“袋装”水越来越多地填补了供水服务上的空白。香囊将饮用水覆盖范围更深地延伸到低收入地区，并减轻了对安全储水的需求，与储水自来水相比，可能带来健康益处。我们探讨了将香囊作为人居署划为贫民窟的37个人口普查地区2093名妇女的主要饮用水水源的相关性，以及在810名五岁以下儿童的一部分中，香囊水与腹泻之间的联系。我们发现，邻里配给对家庭购买香包水的可能性有很大的影响，并且香包用户往往是穷人中的最穷者。使用香包还与妇女自我报告的整体健康水平较高和儿童腹泻的可能性较低有关。我们的结论对阿克拉和其他面临饮用水短缺的撒哈拉以南城市的香囊法规产生了影响。

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