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Social factors determining the experience of blindness among pregnant women in developing countries: The case of India

机译：决定发展中国家孕妇失明经历的社会因素：以印度为例

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Approximately 10 million pregnant women around the world develop night blindness annually. In India, one in 11 pregnant women suffers from night blindness. This study used a nationally representative sample of 35,248 women from India between the ages of 15 and 49 who had given birth in the past five years to understand the effect of women's empowerment on developing blindness during pregnancy. Findings from logistic regression showed that several empowerment-related factors, including women's increased age at the birth of their first child, high school education, and participation in their own health care decisions, significantly reduced the odds of developing blindness, whereas their experience of spousal control, humiliation, and physical abuse significantly increased the odds of developing blindness during pregnancy. Interestingly, antenatal care visits that included nutritional advice and iron supplements during pregnancy had no effect on blindness after controlling for other factors. To reduce blindness during pregnancy in India, more attention should be given to delaying age at marriage and first birth; improving women and girl's education and autonomy; and implementing strategies to reduce spousal control, humiliation, and abuse.
机译：全世界每年约有1000万孕妇患有夜盲症。在印度，十分之一的孕妇患有夜盲症。这项研究使用了全国代表性的样本，其中包括过去五年来分娩的15到49岁印度妇女中的35,248名，这些妇女在过去五年中分娩，以了解增强妇女权能对怀孕期间失明的影响。 Logistic回归分析的结果表明，与赋权相关的几个因素，包括妇女生育第一个孩子的年龄增加，高中教育程度以及参与自己的医疗保健决定，均大大降低了失明的可能性，而配偶的经历控制，羞辱和身体虐待会大大增加怀孕期间失明的几率。有趣的是，在控制其他因素后，包括营养建议和怀孕期间铁补充在内的产前检查对盲人没有影响。为了减少印度怀孕期间的失明，应更加注意推迟结婚和首次生育的​​年龄;改善妇女和女童的教育和自治;并实施减少配偶控制，羞辱和虐待的策略。

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