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Distribution of tadpoles within and among Brazilian streams: The influence of predators, habitat size and heterogeneity

机译：streams在巴西溪流内部和之中的分布：捕食者，栖息地大小和异质性的影响

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摘要

We studied the composition and richness of local tadpole assemblages in several streams at a forest site in southeastern Brazil. We initially focused on species distributions within streams, comparing the relative availability of microhabitats with the relative use of each microhabitat type by tadpoles of different species, in order to assess the existence of preference patterns. Then we assessed the role of features assumed to influence species distributions among streams, which may influence breeding site selection by adult frogs and, consequently, tadpole distribution. These features were stream size, tadpole predator abundance, structure of marginal vegetation, and microhabitat availability for tadpoles. We looked for gradients of species richness along gradients of the variables noticed to influence tadpole assemblage composition. Tadpoles of all species showed selectivity in microhabitat use. Species distribution among streams was influenced mostly by number of potential tadpole predators present, stream volume, arboreal vegetation cover at stream margins, and tadpole microhabitat diversity, though only the first two variables accounted for gradients in species richness. Even though smaller streams tend to shelter more anuran species than larger ones at sites in southeastern Brazil, we recommend the conservation of streams of a range of sizes and structural features, since anuran assemblages associated with streams vane in species composition along gradients in these characteristics.
机译：我们在巴西东南部的一个森林地点研究了几条溪流中当地t组合的组成和丰富度。我们最初关注流中的物种分布，比较了不同物种的t对微生境的相对可用性与每种微生境类型的相对利用，以评估偏好模式的存在。然后，我们评估了假设特征对河流中物种分布的影响，这些特征可能会影响成年青蛙的繁殖地点选择，进而影响t的分布。这些特征包括溪流大小，t捕食者的丰度，边缘植被的结构以及micro的微生境可用性。我们沿着注意到影响influence集合组成的变量的梯度寻找物种丰富度的梯度。所有种类的在微生境使用中表现出选择性。溪流中的物种分布主要受存在的潜在。掠食者数量，溪流量，溪流边缘的树木植被和，微生境多样性的影响，尽管只有前两个变量解释了物种丰富度的梯度。尽管在巴西东南部地区较小的溪流比较大的溪流更容易掩盖更多的无色物种，但我们还是建议保留一定范围的大小和结构特征的溪流，因为与这些溪流相关的无脊椎动物组合在物种组成上沿着这些特征的梯度呈叶片状。

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