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首页> 外文期刊>Historical studies in the natural sciences >A Most Active Customer: How the U.S. Administration Helped the Italian Atomic Energy Project to 'De-Develop'
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A Most Active Customer: How the U.S. Administration Helped the Italian Atomic Energy Project to 'De-Develop'

机译：最活跃的客户：美国政府如何帮助意大利原子能项目“反开发”

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摘要

After World War II had ended, Italy, not unlike other developed countries, held the ambition to establish an atomic energy program. The Peace Treaty of 1947 forbade its administration from seeking to acquire atomic weaponry, but in 1952 a national research committee was set up to explore the peaceful uses of atomic energy, in particular with regard to building nuclear reactors. One of the committee's goals was to use nuclear power to make the country less reliant on foreign energy provisions. Yet, this paper reveals that the atomic energy project resulted in actually increasing Italy's dependence on overseas assistance. I explain the reasons for this outcome by looking at the unfolding of U.S. Italy relations and the offers of collaboration in the atomic energy field put forth by the U.S. State Department and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. I argue that these offers undermined plans to shape the nuclear program as its Italian architects had envisioned, caused them to reconsider the goal of self-sufficiency in energy provisioning, and reconfigured the project to be amenable to the security and economic priorities of the U.S. administration. In this way, I conclude, the path for the Italian project to "de-develop" was set.
机译：第二次世界大战结束后，意大利与其他发达国家一样，抱负着建立原子能计划的雄心。 1947年的《和平条约》禁止其政府寻求获得原子武器，但1952年成立了一个国家研究委员会，以探索和平利用原子能的问题，特别是在建造核反应堆方面。该委员会的目标之一是利用核能使该国减少对外国能源供应的依赖。然而，本文揭示了原子能项目实际上导致了意大利对海外援助的依赖增加。我将通过观察美国意大利关系的发展以及美国国务院和美国原子能委员会提出的在原子能领域进行合作的提议来解释造成这种结果的原因。我认为这些提议破坏了按其意大利建筑师的设想制定核计划的计划，使它们重新考虑了能源供应自给自足的目标，并根据美国政府的安全和经济优先事项对项目进行了重新配置。 。我得出这样的结论，意大利项目得以“反开发”。

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