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Diagnostic Nutrient Testing.

机译：诊断营养测试。

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Recommendations made for nutrient applications have traditionally focused on economic yield and quality. However, present-day testing procedures and recommendations are required to simultaneously ensure economical and environmental sustainability of agricultural production systems. A soil test is a calibrated index relating crop response to applied nutrients. Any application rate devoid of an economical response in yield or quality is deemed unnecessary. Therefore, a soil test becomes the first step in any nutrient best management practice (BMP) development, implementation, and monitoring activity. Certain significant areas in Florida, such as calcareous soils, require development of calibrated soil tests rather urgently. Nutrient sufficiency of perennial crops and deficiency diagnostics can be gauged through in-season plant tissue testing. Nutrient delivery for correcting the deficiency through foliar sprays is not always effective, and may require multiple applications. Spectral reflectance methods show significant promise as an alternative to traditional wet chemistry analyses with regard to ease, costs, and speed with wider range of applications, including natural resources. Additional research is needed to develop this technology for field-scale applications. Current research is focusing on environmental nutrient management to include nutrient sources, application rates and timing, nutrient uptake efficiency, retention capacity of soils, estimating and minimizing nutrient losses to the environment, etc. Nutrient loss assessments tools such as the Florida phosphorus (P) index and bahia (Paspalum notatum) and citrus (Citrus spp.) tests for P are now being made possible in Florida through integration of soil and tissue testing methods. Development and improvements of such analytical methods and tools specific to Florida to include other nutrients, heavy metals, soil capacity, and ecosensitive regions, is vital to ensure sustainability to the state's tourism, agriculture, and urban-rural balance.
机译：传统上，有关养分应用的建议主要集中在经济产量和质量上。但是，需要当今的测试程序和建议，以同时确保农业生产系统的经济和环境可持续性。土壤测试是将作物对施用养分的反应相关的校准指数。没有产量或质量方面的经济响应的任何施用率都被认为是不必要的。因此，土壤测试成为任何养分最佳管理实践（BMP）开发，实施和监测活动的第一步。佛罗里达州的某些重要地区，例如钙质土壤，迫切需要进行校准的土壤测试。多年生作物的营养充足和缺乏诊断可以通过季节植物组织测试来衡量。通过叶面喷洒来纠正营养不足的营养输送并不总是有效的，并且可能需要多次使用。光谱反射率方法在简便性，成本和速度方面具有广泛的应用前景，可替代传统的湿化学分析，具有广阔的应用前景，包括自然资源。需要进一步研究来开发该技术用于现场规模的应用。当前的研究重点是环境养分管理，包括养分来源，施用量和时机，养分吸收效率，土壤保持能力，估算和最大程度减少对环境的养分流失等。养分流失评估工具，例如佛罗里达磷（P）现在，通过整合土壤和组织测试方法，佛罗里达州已经可以进行P指数和巴伊亚（Paspalum notatum）和柑橘（Citrus spp。）测试。开发和改进此类针对佛罗里达的分析方法和工具，使其涵盖其他营养素，重金属，土壤容量和生态敏感地区，对于确保该州旅游，农业和城乡平衡的可持续性至关重要。

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