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Environmental consequences of the demise in swidden cultivation in Southeast Asia: carbon storage and soil quality

机译：东南亚水产养殖中死亡的环境后果：碳储量和土壤质量

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摘要

The effects of swidden cultivation on carbon storage and soil quality are outlined and compared to the effects of the intensified production systems that swidden systems of Southeast Asia transform into. Time-averaged aboveground carbon stocks decline by about 90% if the long fallow periods of traditional swidden cultivation are reduced to 4 years and by about 60% if swidden cultivation is converted to oil palm plantations. Stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in tree plantations are 0-40% lower than stocks in swidden cultivation, with the largest losses found in mechanically established oil palm plantations. Impacts of tree plantations on soil quality are to a large extent determined by management. Conversion of swiddening to continuous annual cropping systems brings about substantial losses of time-averaged aboveground carbon stocks, reductions of SOC stocks and generally leads to declining soil quality. Knowledge of carbon storage in belowground biomass of tree based systems of the tropics is sparse but failure to include this pool in carbon inventories may significantly underestimate the total biomass of the systems. Moreover, studies that consider the ecological reasons behind farmers' land use decisions as well as spatial variability in biogeophysical and edaphological parameters are needed to evaluate the effects of the ongoing land use transitions in Southeast Asia.
机译：概述了水培对碳储存和土壤质量的影响，并将其与东南亚水培系统转化为集约化生产系统的效果进行了比较。如果将传统的水耕种植的长期休耕期减少到4年，则时间平均地上碳储量将减少约90％，如果将水耕种植转换为油棕种植园，则地下平均碳储量将减少约60％。人工林中的土壤有机碳（SOC）储量比轮作栽培中的储量低0-40％，其中以机械方式建立的油棕人工林中损失最大。人工林对土壤质量的影响在很大程度上取决于管理层。将sw草转变为连续的年度种植系统会造成时间平均地上碳储量的大量损失，SOC储量的减少，并通常导致土壤质量下降。热带地区基于树的系统的地下生物量中碳储存的知识很少，但是未能将此池包括在碳清单中可能会大大低估系统的总生物量。此外，需要研究考虑农民土地使用决策背后的生态原因以及生物地球物理和生态学参数的空间变异性，以评估东南亚正在进行的土地使用过渡的影响。

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