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首页> 外文期刊>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences >Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using 222Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens River, southeast Australia
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Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using 222Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens River, southeast Australia

机译：使用222Rn，地球化学和河流排放量研究流向河谷至平原的地下水的时空变化：澳大利亚东南部的奥恩斯河

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摘要

Radon (222Rn) and major ion geochemistry were used to define and quantify the catchment-scale groundwatersurface water interactions along the Ovens River in the southeast Murray-Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia, between September 2009 and October 2011. The Ovens River is characterized by the transition from a single channel within a mountain valley in the upper catchment to a multi-channel meandering river on flat alluvial plains in the lower catchment. Overall, the Ovens River is dominated by gaining nreaches, receiving groundwater from both alluvial and basement aquifers. The distribution of gaining and losing reaches is governed by catchment morphology and lithology. In the upper catchment, rapid groundwater recharge through the permeable aquifers increases the water table. The rising water table, referred to as hydraulic loading, increases the hydraulic head gradient toward the river and hence causes high baseflow to the river during wet (high flow) periods. In the lower catchment, lower rainfall and finer-gained sediments reduce the magnitude and variability of hydraulic gradient between the aquifer and the river, producing lower but more constant groundwater inflows. The water table in the lower reaches has a shallow gradient, and small changes in river height or groundwater level can result in fluctuating gaining and losing behaviour. The middle catchment represents a transition in river-aquifer interactions from the upper to the lower catchment. High baseflow in some parts of the middle and lower catchments is caused by groundwater flowing over basement highs. Mass balance calculations based on 222Rn activities indicate that groundwater inflows are 2 to 17% of total flow with higher inflows occurring during high flow periods. In comparison to 222Rn activities, estimates of groundwater inflows from Cl concentrations are higher by up to 2000% in the upper and middle catchment but lower by 50 to 100% in the lower catchment. The high baseflow estimates using Cl concentrations may be due to the lack of sufficient difference between groundwater and surface water Cl concentrations. Both hydrograph separation and differential flow gauging yield far higher baseflow fluxes than 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations, probably indicating the input of other sources to the river in additional to regional groundwater, such as bank return flows.
机译：2009年9月至2011年10月之间，使用used（222Rn）和主要的离子地球化学来定义和量化澳大利亚维多利亚州东南Murray-Darling盆地东南部奥文斯河沿流域规模的地下水与地表水的相互作用。奥文斯河的特征是从上游流域的一个山谷中的一条河道过渡到下游流域的平坦冲积平原上的一条多河道蜿蜒河。总体而言，奥恩斯河（Ovens River）以获取河道为主，从冲积层和地下层含水层接收地下水。流域的得失分布受流域形态和岩性控制。在上流域，通过渗透性含水层快速补给地下水会增加地下水位。上升的地下水位称为水力负荷，会增加水力压头向河流的倾斜度，从而在潮湿（高流量）时段向河流造成高基流。在较低的流域，较低的降雨量和较细的沉积物减少了含水层和河流之间水力梯度的大小和变化，从而产生了较低但更稳定的地下水流入。下游的地下水位梯度较浅，河流高度或地下水位的微小变化会导致获得和损失行为的波动。中间流域代表了河流-含水层相互作用从上流域到下流域的过渡。中下部流域某些部分的高基流是由于地下水流过地下高处而引起的。基于222Rn活度的质量平衡计算表明，地下水流入量占总流量的2％至17％，在高流量时期出现了较高的流入量。与222Rn活动相比，根据Cl浓度估算的地下水流入量在上，中流域最高可增加2000％，而在下流域则可降低50％至100％。使用Cl浓度估算的高基流可能是由于地下水和地表水Cl浓度之间缺乏足够的差异。水位图的分离和差流测量产生的底流通量都远高于222Rn活度和Cl浓度，这可能表明除了区域地下水外，其他来源的河流也投入了河流，例如河岸回流。

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