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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >The mind through chick eyes: Memory, cognition and anticipation [Review]
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The mind through chick eyes: Memory, cognition and anticipation [Review]

机译：通过小鸡的眼睛思考：记忆，认知和期待[评论]

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摘要

To understand the animal mind, we have to reconstruct how animals recognize the external world through their own eyes. For the reconstruction to be realistic, explanations must be made both in their proximate causes (brain mechanisms) as well as ultimate causes (evolutionary backgrounds). Here, we review recent advances in the behavioral, psychological, and system-neuroscience studies accomplished using the domestic chick as subjects. Diverse behavioral paradigms are compared (such as filial imprinting, sexual imprinting, one-trial passive avoidance learning, and reinforcement operant conditioning) in their behavioral characterizations (development, sensory and motor aspects of functions, fitness gains) and relevant brain mechanisms. We will stress that common brain regions are shared by these distinct paradigms, particularly those in the ventral telencephalic structures such as AN (in the archistriatum) and LPO (in the medial striatum). Neuronal ensembles in these regions could code the chick's anticipation for forthcoming events, particularly the quality/quantity and the temporal proximity of rewards. Without the internal representation of the anticipated proximity in LPO, behavioral tolerance will be lost, and the chick makes impulsive choice for a less optimized option. Functional roles of these regions proved compatible with their anatomical counterparts in the mammalian brain, thus suggesting that the neural systems linking between the memorized past and the anticipated future have remained highly conservative through the evolution of the amniotic vertebrates during the last 300 million years. With the conservative nature in mind, research efforts should be oriented toward a unifying theory, which could explain behavioral deviations from optimized foraging, such as "naive curiosity", "contra-freeloading," "Concorde fallacy' and "altruism." [References: 112]
机译：要了解动物的思想，我们必须重构动物如何通过自己的眼睛识别外部世界。为了使重建切实可行，必须在其近因（大脑机制）和最终原因（进化背景）中做出解释。在这里，我们回顾了使用家禽作为对象完成的行为，心理和系统神经科学研究的最新进展。在行为特征（发育，功能的感官和运动方面，适应性提高）和相关的脑机制方面比较了各种行为范式（例如孝子烙印，性烙印，一审被动回避学习和强化操作条件）。我们将强调，这些独特的范例共享共同的大脑区域，尤其是腹侧脑神经结构中的那些区域，例如AN（在原发性动物）和LPO（在内侧纹状体）中。这些区域中的神经元合奏可以编码小鸡对即将发生的事件的预期，特别是奖励的质量/数量和时间上的接近度。如果没有内部表示LPO中预期的接近度，则会失去行为容忍度，并且小鸡会为不太理想的选择做出冲动选择。这些区域的功能作用证明与它们在哺乳动物脑中的解剖结构相适应，因此表明，在过去的3亿年中，通过羊膜脊椎动物的进化，记忆的过去与预期的未来之间的神经系统联系一直保持高度保守。考虑到保守性，研究工作应以统一的理论为导向，该理论可以解释与优化的觅食有关的行为偏差，例如“天真的好奇心”，“反超负荷”，“协和谬误”和“利他主义”。 ：112]

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