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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Color-pattern Analysis of Eyespots in Butterfly Wings: A Critical Examination of Morphogen Gradient Models
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Color-pattern Analysis of Eyespots in Butterfly Wings: A Critical Examination of Morphogen Gradient Models

机译：蝴蝶翅膀上的斑点的颜色图案分析：形态梯度模型的批判性检查

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摘要

Butterfly wing color patterns consist of many color-pattern elements such as eyespots. It is believed that eyespot patterns are determined by a concentration gradient of a single morphogen species released by diffusion from the prospective eyespot focus in conjunction with multiple thresholds in signal-receiving cells. As alternatives to this single-morphogen model, more flexible multiple-morphogen model and induction model can be proposed. However, the relevance of these conceptual models to actual eyespots has not been examined systematically. Here, representative eyespots from nymphalid butterflies were analyzed morphologically to determine if they are consistent with these models. Measurement of ring widths of serial eyespots from a single wing surface showed that the proportion of each ring in an eyespot is quite different among homologous rings of serial eyespots of different sizes. In asymmetric eyespots, each ring is distorted to varying degrees. In extreme cases, only a portion of rings is expressed remotely from the focus. Similarly, there are many eyespots where only certain rings are deleted, added, or expanded. In an unusual case, the central area of an eyespot is composed of multiple "miniature eyespots", but the overall macroscopic eyespot structure is maintained. These results indicate that each eyespot ring has independence and flexibility to a certain degree, which is less consistent with the single-morphogen model. Considering a "periodic eyespot", which has repeats of a set of rings, damage-induced eyespots in mutants, and a scale-size distribution pattern in an eyespot, the induction model is the least incompatible with the actual eyespot diversity.
机译：蝴蝶翅膀的颜色图案由许多颜色图案元素组成，例如斑点。据信，眼点图样是由从预期眼点焦点扩散所释放的单个形态发生子种类的浓度梯度与信号接收细胞中的多个阈值共同决定的。作为此单形态发生子模型的替代方案，可以提出更灵活的多形态发生模型和诱导模型。但是，这些概念模型与实际视点的相关性尚未得到系统地检查。在这里，从形态上分析了夜蛾蝶的代表性眼点，以确定它们是否与这些模型一致。测量来自单个机翼表面的连续孔眼环的环宽度表明，在不同大小的连续孔眼环的同源环之间，每个孔眼环中环的比例差异很大。在不对称的眼图中，每个环都会变形到不同程度。在极端情况下，只有圆环的一部分远离焦点。同样，在很多点上，只有某些环被删除，添加或扩展。在不常见的情况下，视点的中心区域由多个“微型视点”组成，但总体上保持了宏观的视点结构。这些结果表明，每个眼点环在一定程度上具有独立性和柔韧性，这与单形态发生子模型不太一致。考虑到“周期性眼点”，它具有一组环的重复，突变体中损伤引起的眼点以及眼点中的鳞片大小分布模式，因此诱导模型与实际眼点多样性的兼容性最小。

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