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首页> 外文期刊>Vaccine >Prospects and prejudices of human papillomavirus vaccines in India.
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Prospects and prejudices of human papillomavirus vaccines in India.

机译：印度人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的前景和偏见。

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Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developing countries. The disease is caused due to persistent infection of one or more of about 15 high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), most commonly by HPV types 16/18. In India, over 98% of cervical cancer cases harbor HPV infection and HPV 16 is the type exclusively (80-90%) prevalent. Unlike the West, HPV infection is most common in women in their third decade (26-35 years) of sexual activity and invasive cancer also arises much later with a peak at about 45-55 years of age. Recently, two successful prophylactic HPV vaccines, a quadrivalent (HPV16/18/6/11) 'Gardasil' by Merck and a bivalent (HPV16/18) 'Cervarix' by GSK have been developed. Several other approaches including plant-based edible, pentameric capsomere-based intranasal and DNA-based vaccines have also been employed to develop prophylactic vaccines. Also, several therapeutic vaccines either protein/peptide based or DNA based are in clinical trials but are yet to establish their efficacy. Though there are several issues regarding implementation of the already developed vaccines in resource limited countries, efforts are being made to develop cost-effective second-generation vaccines. If cost minimized, HPV related new technologies involved in screening tests and vaccines are expected to reduce incidence of cervical cancer and deaths it causes in women from developing countries.
机译：宫颈癌是最常见的癌症，是发展中国家女性癌症死亡的主要原因。该疾病是由于持续感染约15种高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）中的一种或多种，​​最常见的是16/18型HPV。在印度，超过98％的宫颈癌病例带有HPV感染，而HPV 16仅占普遍类型（80-90％）。与西方不同，HPV感染在女性性活动的第三个十年（26-35岁）中最常见，并且浸润性癌症也很晚才出现，高峰在约45-55岁。最近，已经开发出两种成功的预防性HPV疫苗，默克公司的四价（HPV16 / 18/6/11）'Gardasil'和GSK公司的二价（HPV16 / 18）'Cervarix'。几种其他方法，包括基于植物的可食用疫苗，基于五聚体的五聚体鼻内疫苗和基于DNA的疫苗也已被用于开发预防性疫苗。同样，基于蛋白质/肽或基于DNA的几种治疗性疫苗正在临床试验中，但尚未确立其功效。尽管在资源有限的国家中实施已开发的疫苗存在若干问题，但正在努力开发具有成本效益的第二代疫苗。如果将成本降到最低，则涉及筛查测试和疫苗的与HPV相关的新技术将有望减少发展中国家女性宫颈癌的发病率和死亡人数。

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