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首页> 外文期刊>Development >The roles of maternal Vangl2 and aPKC in Xenopus oocyte and embryo patterning.
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The roles of maternal Vangl2 and aPKC in Xenopus oocyte and embryo patterning.

机译：孕产妇Vangl2和aPKC在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和胚胎模式中的作用。

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摘要

The Xenopus oocyte contains components of both the planar cell polarity and apical-basal polarity pathways, but their roles are not known. Here, we examine the distribution, interactions and functions of the maternal planar cell polarity core protein Vangl2 and the apical-basal complex component aPKC. We show that Vangl2 is distributed in animally enriched islands in the subcortical cytoplasm in full-grown oocytes, where it interacts with a post-Golgi v-SNARE protein, VAMP1, and acetylated microtubules. We find that Vangl2 is required for the stability of VAMP1 as well as for the maintenance of the stable microtubule architecture of the oocyte. We show that Vangl2 interacts with atypical PKC, and that both the acetylated microtubule cytoskeleton and the Vangl2-VAMP1 distribution are dependent on the presence of aPKC. We also demonstrate that aPKC and Vangl2 are required for the cell membrane asymmetry that is established during oocyte maturation, and for the asymmetrical distribution of maternal transcripts for the germ layer and dorsal/ventral determinants VegT and Wnt11. This study demonstrates the interaction and interdependence of Vangl2, VAMP1, aPKC and the stable microtubule cytoskeleton in the oocyte, shows that maternal Vangl2 and aPKC are required for specific oocyte asymmetries and vertebrate embryonic patterning, and points to the usefulness of the oocyte as a model to study the polarity problem.
机译：非洲爪蟾卵母细胞包含平面细胞极性和顶基极极性途径的成分，但其​​作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们检查母体平面细胞极性核心蛋白Vangl2和根基复杂成分aPKC的分布，相互作用和功能。我们显示，Vangl2分布在成年卵母细胞的皮层下细胞质中的动物富集岛中，在这里它与后高尔基v-SNARE蛋白，VAMP1和乙酰化微管相互作用。我们发现Vangl2是VAMP1的稳定性以及卵母细胞稳定微管结构维持所必需的。我们显示Vangl2与非典型PKC相互作用，并且乙酰化的微管细胞骨架和Vangl2-VAMP1分布均取决于aPKC的存在。我们还证明，aPKC和Vangl2是卵母细胞成熟过程中建立的细胞膜不对称以及胚层和背/腹决定簇VegT和Wnt11母本转录本的不对称分布所必需的。这项研究表明卵母细胞中Vangl2，VAMP1，aPKC和稳定的微管细胞骨架的相互作用和相互依赖性，表明母体Vangl2和aPKC是特定卵母细胞不对称和脊椎动物胚胎模式所必需的，并指出卵母细胞作为模型的有用性研究极性问题。

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