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首页> 外文期刊>Development >Developmentally regulated nuclear transport of transcription factors in Drosophila embryos enable the heat shock response.
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Developmentally regulated nuclear transport of transcription factors in Drosophila embryos enable the heat shock response.

机译：果蝇胚胎中转录因子的发育调控核转运可实现热休克反应。

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摘要

Hsp70 is a broadly conserved thermotolerance factor, but inhibits growth at normal temperatures and cannot be induced in early embryos. We report that in Drosophila embryos the temporal and spatial patterns of Hsp70 inducibility were unexpectedly complex, with striking differences between the soma and the germline. In both, regulation occurred at the level of transcription. During the refractory period for Hsp70 induction, HSF (heat-shock transcription factor) exhibited specific DNA-binding activity characteristic of activation in extracts of heated embryos. Remarkably, however, HSF was restricted to the cytoplasm in intact embryos even after heat shock. HSF moved from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the absence of heat precisely when the capacity to induce Hsp70 was acquired (cycle 12 of the germline, cycle 13 in the soma). During oogenesis, Hsp70 inducibility was lost in nurse cells around stage 10, in a posterior-to-anterior gradient and HSF redistributed from nucleus to cytoplasm in the same spatiotemporal pattern. In a highly inbred derivative of the Samarkind strain, HSF moved into embryonic nuclei earlier than in our standard wild-type strain. Correspondingly, Hsp70 was inducible earlier, confirming that nuclear transport of HSF controls the inducibility of Hsp70 in early embryos. We also report for the first time the nuclear import patterns of two general transcription factors, RNA polymerase subunit Ilc and TATA binding protein (TBP). Both enter nuclei in a highly synchronous manner, independently of each other and of HSF. The import of TBP coincides with the first reported appearance of transcripts in the embryo. We suggest that the potentiation of general and heat shock-specific transcription in Drosophila embryos is controlled by the developmentally programmed relocalization of general and heat shock-specific transcription factors. Restricted nuclear entry of HSF represents a newly described mechanism for regulating the heat-shock response.
机译：Hsp70是一个广泛保守的耐热因子，但在正常温度下会抑制其生长，因此不能在早期胚胎中被诱导。我们报告在果蝇胚胎中Hsp70诱导的时间和空间模式是意想不到的复杂，在体细胞和种系之间有显着差异。在两者中，调节均发生在转录水平。在Hsp70诱导的不应期中，HSF（热休克转录因子）在加热的胚胎的提取物中表现出活化的特定DNA结合活性。然而，值得注意的是，即使在热激后，HSF仍被限制在完整胚胎的细胞质中。当获得诱导Hsp70的能力（种系的第12周期，体细胞的第13周期）时，HSF在没有热的情况下从细胞质移至细胞核。在卵子发生过程中，第10阶段左右的护士细胞从后到前的梯度丧失了Hsp70的可诱导性，并且HSF以相同的时空模式从细胞核重新分布到细胞质。在Samarkind菌株的高度近交衍生物中，HSF比我们的标准野生型菌株更早进入胚核。相应地，Hsp70可以更早地被诱导，证实了HSF的核转运控制了Hsp70在早期胚胎中的诱导性。我们还首次报告了两个通用转录因子，RNA聚合酶亚基Ilc和TATA结合蛋白（TBP）的核输入模式。两者都以高度同步的方式进入原子核，彼此独立且与HSF无关。 TBP的导入与首次报道的转录本在胚胎中出现相吻合。我们建议在果蝇胚胎中的一般和热休克特异性转录的增强是由一般和热休克特异性转录因子的发育程序重新定位控制的。 HSF的受限核进入代表了一种新描述的调节热激反应的机制。

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