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Longitudinal relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland

机译：北爱尔兰宗派和非宗派社区暴力与儿童适应之间的纵向关系

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摘要

Although relations between political violence and child adjustment are well documented, longitudinal research is needed to adequately address the many questions remaining about the contexts and developmental trajectories underlying the effects on children in areas of political violence. The study examined the relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and adolescent adjustment problems over 4 consecutive years. Participants included 999 mother-child dyads (482 boys, 517 girls), M ages = 12.18 (SD = 1.82), 13.24 (SD = 1.83), 13.61 (SD = 1.99), and 14.66 (SD = 1.96) years, respectively, living in socially deprived neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, a context of historical and ongoing political violence. In examining trajectories of adjustment problems, including youth experience with both sectarian and nonsectarian antisocial behaviors, sectarian antisocial behavior significantly predicted more adjustment problems across the 4 years of the study. Experiencing sectarian antisocial behavior was related to increased adolescent adjustment problems, and this relationship was accentuated in neighborhoods characterized by higher crime rates. The discussion considers the implications for further validating the distinction between sectarian and nonsectarian violence, including consideration of neighborhood crime levels, from the child's perspective in a setting of political violence.
机译：尽管政治暴力与儿童适应之间的关系已有充分文献记载，但仍需要进行纵向研究，以充分解决政治暴力领域对儿童的潜在影响的背景和发展轨迹方面的许多问题。该研究连续四年检查了宗派和非宗派社区暴力与青少年适应问题之间的关系。参加者分别包括999个母子双胞胎（男孩482个，女孩517个），M年龄= 12.18（SD = 1.82），13.24（SD = 1.83），13.61（SD = 1.99）和14.66（SD = 1.96）岁，生活在北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特的社会贫困地区，这是历史和持续的政治暴力的背景。在研究调整问题的轨迹时，包括青年人在宗派和非宗派的反社会行为方面的经历，宗派反社会行为在整个研究的四年中显着预测了更多的调整问题。经历宗派的反社会行为与青少年适应问题的增加有关，这种关系在犯罪率较高的社区中更为突出。讨论考虑了在政治暴力背景下从孩子的角度进一步验证宗派和非宗派暴力之间的区别的含义，包括考虑邻里犯罪水平。

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