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Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012

机译：2012年美国糖尿病的经济成本

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OBJECTIVE-This study updates previous estimates of the economic burden of diagnosed diabetes and quantifies the increased health resource use and lost productivity associated with diabetes in 2012. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The study uses a prevalence-based approach that combines the demographics of the U.S. population in 2012 with diabetes prevalence, epidemiological data, health care cost, and economic data into a Cost of Diabetes Model. Health resource use and associated medical costs are analyzed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance coverage, medical condition, and health service category. Data sources include national surveys, Medicare standard analytical files, and one of the largest claims databases for the commercially insured population in the U.S. RESULTS-The total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2012 is $245 billion, including $176 billion in direct medical costs and $69 billion in reduced productivity. The largest components of medical expenditures are hospital inpatient care (43% of the total medical cost), prescription medications to treat the complications of diabetes (18%), antidiabetic agents and diabetes supplies (12%), physician office visits (9%), and nursing/residential facility stays (8%). People with diagnosed diabetes incur averagemedical expenditures of about $13,700 per year, of which about $7,900 is attributed to diabetes. People with diagnosed diabetes, on average, have medical expenditures approximately 2.3 times higher than what expenditures would be in the absence of diabetes. For the cost categories analyzed, care for people with diagnosed diabetes accounts for more than 1 in 5 health care dollars in the U.S., and more than half of that expenditure is directly attributable to diabetes. Indirect costs include increased absenteeism($5 billion) and reduced productivity while at work ($20.8 billion) for the employed population, reduced productivity for those not in the labor force ($2.7 billion), inability to work as a result of diseaserelated disability ($21.6 billion), and lost productive capacity due to early mortality ($18.5 billion). CONCLUSIONS-The estimated total economic cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2012 is $245 billion, a 41% increase from our previous estimate of $174 billion (in 2007 dollars). This estimate highlights the substantial burden that diabetes imposes on society. Additional components of societal burden omitted from our study include intangibles from pain and suffering, resources from care provided by nonpaid caregivers, and the burden associated with undiagnosed diabetes. ? 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.
机译：目的-这项研究更新了先前对糖尿病诊断的经济负担的估计，并量化了2012年与糖尿病相关的增加的健康资源使用和生产力损失。研究设计和方法-这项研究采用了基于流行率的方法，结合了美国的人口统计数据糖尿病流行率，流行病学数据，医疗保健成本和经济数据纳入2012年的糖尿病成本模型。按年龄，性别，种族/民族，保险范围，医疗状况和健康服务类别分析健康资源使用和相关的医疗费用。数据来源包括国家调查，Medicare标准分析文件以及美国商业保险人群中最大的理赔数据库之一。结果-2012年诊断出的糖尿病总费用估计为2450亿美元，其中包括1760亿美元的直接医疗费用和69美元降低生产力十亿。医疗支出的最大组成部分是医院住院治疗（占总医疗费用的43％），用于治疗糖尿病并发症的处方药（18％），抗糖尿病药和糖尿病用品（12％），医生就诊（9％） ，而护理/住宅设施则停留在8％。被诊断出患有糖尿病的人每年的平均医疗支出约为13,700美元，其中约7,900美元归因于糖尿病。平均而言，被诊断出患有糖尿病的人的医疗费用大约是没有糖尿病的情况下医疗费用的2.3倍。对于所分析的费用类别，在美国，对诊断为糖尿病的人进行的护理占五分之一的医疗保健费用，其中一半以上的费用直接归因于糖尿病。间接成本包括增加的缺勤率（50亿美元）和工作人口生产力的下降（208亿美元），非劳动力人口的生产力下降（27亿美元），因疾病相关的残疾而无法工作（216亿美元） ），以及由于早期死亡（185亿美元）而导致的生产能力下降。结论-2012年诊断出的糖尿病的估计总经济成本为2450亿美元，比我们先前的预测1740亿美元（按2007年美元计算）增加了41％。该估计突出了糖尿病给社会带来的巨大负担。我们的研究中省略了社会负担的其他组成部分，包括痛苦和折磨带来的无形资产，无薪照护者提供的护理资源以及与未确诊的糖尿病相关的负担。 ？ 2013年由美国糖尿病协会颁发。

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