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Insulin sensitivity of the human brain.

机译：人脑对胰岛素的敏感性。

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摘要

The brain is an insulin sensitive organ and insulin signaling is important to regulate feeding behavior, body weight, and cognitive processes. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is a hallmark in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the finding of insulin resistance in the brain is relatively novel. Studies in humans revealed that environmental factors like obesity, age, and the genetic background have an impact on central insulin sensitivity. According to the physiological effects of insulin in the brain, disturbances of this signaling chain lead to an impairment of cognitive functions and a deterioration of eating behavior with a potential role in the pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM. First attempts to treat insulin resistance not only in peripheral tissues but also in the CNS have therefore come on its way: Cerebral insulin resistance can at least partially be overcome by intranasal treatment with insulin or by commercial insulins that exhibit specific effects in the brain due to their pharmacokinetic properties. Despite the advances towards a better understanding of insulin function in the human brain in the last years, achieving a more profound knowledge of mechanisms behind central insulin function and identifying further strategies to overcome insulin resistance must be a main goal of future research.
机译：大脑是对胰岛素敏感的器官，胰岛素信号对于调节喂养行为，体重和认知过程很重要。外周组织中的胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病（T2DM）发展的标志，但是在大脑中发现胰岛素抵抗相对较新。对人体的研究表明，肥胖，年龄和遗传背景等环境因素会影响中枢胰岛素敏感性。根据胰岛素在大脑中的生理作用，该信号链的紊乱导致认知功能受损和进食行为恶化，在肥胖症和2型糖尿病的发病机理中具有潜在作用。因此，不仅在外周组织中而且还在中枢神经系统中治疗胰岛素抵抗的第一尝试已经开始：通过鼻内注射胰岛素或通过在脑中表现出特定作用的市售胰岛素，可以至少部分克服脑胰岛素抵抗。它们的药代动力学特性。尽管最近几年在更好地了解人脑中胰岛素功能方面取得了进步，但获得对中枢胰岛素功能背后机制的更深入了解并确定进一步克服胰岛素抵抗的策略仍是未来研究的主要目标。

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