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首页> 外文期刊>Diabetes research and clinical practice >The dual control of insulin secretion by glucose involves triggering and amplifying pathways in beta-cells.
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The dual control of insulin secretion by glucose involves triggering and amplifying pathways in beta-cells.

机译：葡萄糖对胰岛素分泌的双重控制涉及触发和放大β细胞的途径。

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This review outlines the two pathways that interact in beta-cells to ensure temporal and amplitude control of insulin secretion by glucose. The most well known triggering pathway involves the following steps: acceleration of glucose metabolism, closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, depolarization, influx of Ca(2+) through voltage-gated calcium channels, and a rise in the concentration of cytosolic ionized Ca(2+) that triggers exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. This classic sequence is, however, incomplete. Additional mechanisms, involving other channels, are necessarily implicated in the production of the triggering Ca(2+) signal. It is also clear that the effect of glucose on insulin secretion would be poor if Ca(2+)-induced exocytosis was not markedly augmented (approximately doubled) through a metabolic amplifying pathway, mechanistically distinct from neurohormonal amplifying pathways. This metabolic amplifying pathway is physiologically relevant for both phases of glucose-induced insulin secretion and for the potentiation, by glucose, of insulin secretion triggered by non-metabolized secretagogues (e.g. arginine). Three important challenges for future studies will be to identify the additional targets mediating control of the triggering Ca(2+) signal by glucose, to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the metabolic amplifying pathway and to determine the contribution of each pathway in the alterations of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients.
机译：这篇综述概述了在β细胞中相互作用的两种途径，以确保通过葡萄糖控制胰岛素分泌的时间和幅度。最广为人知的触发途径涉及以下步骤：葡萄糖代谢加速，ATP敏感钾通道的关闭，去极化，通过电压门控钙通道的Ca（2+）涌入以及胞质离子化Ca的浓度升高（2+）触发含胰岛素颗粒的胞吐作用。但是，这个经典序列是不完整的。涉及其他通道的其他机制必然与触发Ca（2+）信号的产生有关。同样很清楚的是，如果Ca（2+）诱导的胞吐作用没有通过代谢放大途径显着增强（在机制上不同于神经激素放大途径），则对胰岛素分泌的作用将很差。该代谢放大途径与葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌的两个阶段以及葡萄糖对非代谢促分泌剂（例如精氨酸）触发的胰岛素分泌的增强生理相关。未来研究的三个重要挑战将是，确定通过葡萄糖介导对触发Ca（2+）信号的控制的其他靶标，阐明代谢放大途径的细胞机制，并确定每个途径在胰岛素改变中的作用2型糖尿病患者体内的分泌。

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