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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental psychology >Gene-Environment Interplay in the Link of Friends' and Nonfriends' Behaviors With Children's Social Reticence in a Competitive Situation
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Gene-Environment Interplay in the Link of Friends' and Nonfriends' Behaviors With Children's Social Reticence in a Competitive Situation

机译：竞争环境下亲子行为与非亲子行为与孩子的社交沉默之间的基因-环境相互作用

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摘要

This study used a genetically informed design to assess the effects of friends' and nonfriends' reticent and dominant behaviors on children's observed social reticence in a competitive situation. Potential gene-environment correlations (rGE) and gene-environment interactions (GxE) in the link between (a) friends' and nonfriends' behaviors and (b) children's social reticence were examined. The sample comprised 466 twin children (i.e., the target children), each of whom was assessed in kindergarten together with a same-sex friend and two nonfriend classmates of either sex. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that children with a genetic disposition for social reticence showed more reticent behavior in the competitive situation and were more likely to affiliate with reticent friends (i.e., rGE). Moreover, a higher level of children's reticent behavior was predicted by their friends' higher social reticence (particularly for girls) and their friends' higher social dominance, independently of children's genetic disposition. Children's social reticence was also predicted by their nonfriends' behaviors. Specifically, children were less reticent when male nonfriends showed high levels of social reticence in the competitive situation, and this was particularly true for children with a genetic disposition for social reticence (i.e., GxE). Moreover, children genetically vulnerable for social reticence seemed to foster dominant behavior in their female nonfriend peers (i.e., rGE). In turn, male nonfriends seemed to be more dominant as soon as the target children were reticent, even if the target children did not have a stable genetic disposition for this behavior.
机译：这项研究采用了遗传学上的设计，评估了竞争环境中朋友和非朋友的沉默寡言和显性行为对儿童观察到的社交沉默的影响。在（a）朋友和非朋友的行为与（b）儿童的社交沉默之间的联系中研究了潜在的基因-环境相关性（rGE）和基因-环境相互作用（GxE）。样本包括466个双胞胎孩子（即目标孩子），每个孩子都在同一个同性朋友和两个非性别同班同学中在幼儿园接受了评估。多级回归分析显示，具有社交沉默能力的遗传倾向的孩子在竞争中表现出沉默寡言的行为，并且更有可能与沉默寡言的朋友（即rGE）建立联系。此外，与孩子的遗传倾向无关，朋友的较高的社交沉默能力（尤其是女孩）和朋友的较高的社会支配地位可预测儿童的沉默行为较高。儿童的社交沉默也可以通过其非朋友的行为来预测。具体而言，当男性非朋友在竞争情况下表现出较高的社交沉默时，儿童的沉默能力就会降低，对于具有社交沉默遗传倾向（即GxE）的孩子尤其如此。此外，遗传上易受社交沉默影响的儿童似乎在其女性非朋友同龄人（即rGE）中培养了主导行为。反过来，即使目标儿童对此行为没有稳定的遗传倾向，一旦目标儿童沉默寡言，男性非朋友似乎就更占优势。

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