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首页> 外文期刊>Drugs of today: Medicamentos de actualidad >The emerging technologies of neural xenografting and stem cell transplantation for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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The emerging technologies of neural xenografting and stem cell transplantation for treating neurodegenerative disorders.

机译：神经异种移植和干细胞移植治疗神经退行性疾病的新兴技术。

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Neural transplantation has normally been considered in the context of the neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, which are characterized pathologically by the predominant loss of specific cells in the basal ganglia. This approach has now emerged from the experimental arena into the level of clinical trial, at least with respect to fetal human allografts. However the ethical and practical problems with using such tissue has led to the search for alternative sources of cells of which two of the most promising are cells from another species, such as the pig (xenografts), and stem cells. Neural transplantation using cells derived from the developing pig brain offers many advantages. Firstly, time-mated litters will overcome the issue of donor tissue supply. Secondly, advances in genetic technology have led to the development of pigs which have a reduced rejection potential. Thirdly, xenografted neural fiber outgrowth may be superior to that from neural grafts derived from the same species (allografts) which may increase the potential for circuit reconstruction. Disadvantages with this tissue source include concerns about transmission of zoonotic infections and the immunological rejection of the xenograft. Stem cells are defined as cells capable of division (self-renewal) and differentiation into a range of different cell types (differentiation). A variety of such cells exist including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells derived from the developing fetal brain (neural progenitor cells), adult neural stem cells and adult stem cells originating from outside of the central nervous system. Each of these different types of stem cell have their own unique benefits but also disadvantages, and access to each type is constrained by a number of limiting factors. All of this means that the translation of these cell therapies into practice is not straightforward and must be done at a pace dictated by laboratory-based research rather than corporate share price. (c) 2004 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
机译：通常在神经退行性疾病，帕金森氏病和亨廷顿氏病的背景下考虑神经移植，其病理学特征是基底神经节中特定细胞的大量丢失。这种方法现在已经从实验领域进入了临床试验阶段，至少在胎儿人类同种异体移植方面。然而，使用这种组织的伦理和实践问题导致人们寻找细胞的替代来源，其中最有前途的两个是另一种物种的细胞，例如猪（异种移植物）和干细胞。使用源自发育中的猪脑的细胞进行神经移植具有许多优势。首先，定时垫料将克服供体组织供应的问题。其次，遗传技术的进步导致了猪的排斥反应可能性降低。第三，异种移植的神经纤维生长可能优于相同物种（同种异体移植物）的神经移植，这可能会增加回路重建的潜力。这种组织来源的缺点包括对人畜共患病感染的传播和异种移植物的免疫排斥的担忧。干细胞被定义为能够分裂（自我更新）和分化成一系列不同细胞类型（分化）的细胞。存在多种此类细胞，包括胚胎干细胞，源自发育中的胎儿脑的神经干细胞（神经祖细胞），成年神经干细胞和源自中枢神经系统外部的成年干细胞。这些不同类型的干细胞各有其独特的优势，但也有劣势，进入每种类型的干细胞受到许多限制因素的限制。所有这些都意味着将这些细胞疗法转化为实践并非易事，必须按照基于实验室的研究而不是公司股价的规定来进行。 （c）2004 Prous科学。版权所有。

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