Strains of canine parvovirus and coronavirus are evolving, so the diseases they cause still persist. But through proper hygiene and vaccination, dogs can be protected. Three decades ago, canine viral enteritis became prominent in dog populations and veterinary clinics worldwide. At that time, we knew we were dealing with an acute disease syndrome characterized by vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhea that was sometimes hemorrhagic, especially in young puppies. (After multi-aged dogs succumbed in the initial epizootic, the disease was primarily concentrated in puppies younger than 6 months old.) Researchers discovered two primary etiologic agents, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and canine coronavirus (CCV). In addition, the disease appeared to demonstrate a seasonal prevalence for CPV-2 (summer and fall) and CCV (winter and spring). With knowledge of the viral pathogenesis and host immunity, vaccines were developed in an attempt to control the disease. While these preventive measures were somewhat successful, we still encounter canine viral enteritis today.
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