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首页> 外文期刊>Drug and alcohol review >Replacing ineffective early alcohol/drug education in the United States with age-appropriate adolescent programmes and assistance to problematic users.
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Replacing ineffective early alcohol/drug education in the United States with age-appropriate adolescent programmes and assistance to problematic users.

机译：通过适合年龄的青少年计划和对有问题的使用者的帮助来代替美国无效的早期酒精/毒品教育。

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ISSUES: Despite more than a decade of federal sponsorship of 'evidence-based' alcohol/drug education, there has been no consistent downward trend in overall prevalence among youth over the past 15 years. Reasons underlying this situation are examined. APPROACH: Published technical critiques of initial research supporting widely used evidence-based programs are reviewed along with replication studies conducted later by independent researchers not associated with initial program development. Social and institutional barriers in the US against changes in AOD policy and practice for young people are also suggested. KEY FINDINGS: Emerging use of diverted pharmaceuticals (now second to cannabis in prevalence) may underlie moderate recent decline in use of alcohol. Early federal certification standards for 'evidence based' prevention education have been seriously compromised. Technical critiques of initial evaluations and negative replication studies of these programs are consistent with lack of impact. Finally, fidelity of implementation in regular school settings is commonly flawed. IMPLICATIONS: Failure of these mainly pre-secondary educational programs may underlie recent federal support for forced random AOD testing of secondary school students. A new approach to drug education for adolescent students seems warranted as a positive alternative to personally intrusive surveillance. CONCLUSION: An interactive approach at the secondary school level that incorporates an age-appropriate educational process is proposed. While advising abstinence, this approach also facilitates identifying and assisting problematic AOD users.
机译：问题：尽管联邦政府已经赞助了十多年的“循证”酒精/毒品教育，但在过去的15年中，青少年的总体流行率并没有持续下降的趋势。研究了这种情况的根本原因。方法：审查支持广泛使用的基于证据的程序的初始研究的已发表技术评论，以及随后与独立于初始程序开发无关的独立研究人员进行的复制研究，均进行了综述。还建议在美国针对年轻人调整AOD政策和实践的社会和制度障碍。主要发现：改用药物的新兴使用（目前流行率仅次于大麻）可能是近期酒精使用量下降的原因。早期的“循证”预防教育联邦认证标准已受到严重损害。这些程序的初始评估和否定复制研究的技术批判与缺乏影响是一致的。最后，在正规学校中实施保真度通常存在缺陷。后果：这些主要的中等教育课程失败，可能是最近联邦政府对中学生进行强制随机AOD测试的基础。似乎有必要为青少年学生提供一种新的毒品教育方法，以代替个人干预性监测。结论：提出了一种中学阶段的互动方法，该方法结合了适合年龄的教育过程。在建议戒酒的同时，这种方法还有助于识别和协助有问题的AOD用户。

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