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首页> 外文期刊>Drug and alcohol review >Neurocognitive and neuroimaging evidence of behavioural dysregulation in human drug addiction: implications for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Neurocognitive and neuroimaging evidence of behavioural dysregulation in human drug addiction: implications for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

机译：在人类药物成瘾中行为失调的神经认知和神经影像学证据：对诊断，治疗和预防的意义。

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Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have generated a wealth of data demonstrating structural and functional brain changes, as well as cognitive deficits in drug addicted populations. Despite this, it is often difficult to make generalisations or conclusive statements about the neuropsychological and neurobiological correlates of chronic drug use given variations in the nature or extent of deficits observed within or across different classes of drugs. In this review, we focus specifically on the evidence for impairments in prefrontally-mediated cognitive functions that underlie behavioural regulation, namely decision making and inhibitory control. We argue that impairments in these specific domains, which are often compounded by an earlier initiation of drug use, polydrug abuse, comorbid psychiatric conditions, previous head injury, and acute withdrawal effects can serve to increase the risk for making decisions that are impulsive, focussed on short-terms gains and lack inhibitory control. We further argue that these impairments of prefrontal functioning may underpin the compulsive and 'loss-of-control' pattern of drug-seeking and drug-taking that is characteristic of drug addiction. Finally, we consider the implications of these findings for diagnosis, treatment and prevention, suggesting that a comprehensive understanding of the nature and extent of these cognitive deficits should form a core part of the conceptualization and focus of effective treatment.
机译：神经心理学和神经影像学研究已经产生了大量数据，这些数据证明了大脑结构和功能的变化，以及吸毒人群的认知缺陷。尽管如此，鉴于在不同种类或不同种类药物中观察到的缺陷的性质或程度的变化，通常很难对慢性药物使用的神经心理学和神经生物学相关性进行概括或结论性陈述。在这篇综述中，我们特别关注前额介导的认知功能受损的证据，这些功能是行为调节（即决策和抑制控制）的基础。我们认为，这些特定领域的障碍，通常是由于较早开始使用药物，滥用多种药物，合并精神病，先前的头部受伤和急性戒断而加重了病情，从而增加了做出冲动性决策的风险，重点突出短期收益和缺乏抑制性控制。我们进一步认为，这些前额叶功能障碍可能是吸毒和吸毒的强迫性和“失控”模式的基础，这是吸毒成瘾的特征。最后，我们考虑了这些发现对诊断，治疗和预防的意义，表明对这些认知缺陷的性质和程度的全面理解应该构成有效治疗概念和重点的核心部分。

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