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首页> 外文期刊>Journal American Pomological Society >Performance of 'Braeburn', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Yataka Fuji' apple on Mark and M.9 rootstocks at multiple locations across North America
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Performance of 'Braeburn', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Yataka Fuji' apple on Mark and M.9 rootstocks at multiple locations across North America

机译：'Braeburn'，'Golden Delicious'和'Yataka Fuji'苹果在北美多个地区的Mark和M.9砧木上的表现

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摘要

The performance of three apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cultivars ('Braeburn', 'Gibson Golden Delicious' and 'Yataka Fuji') on two dwarfing rootstocks (M.9 T337 and Mark) was studied for five years at multiple sites across North America as part of a large international cultivar evaluation trial. The trees were trained as slender spindles, and arranged in a randomized block design at each site. Cultural practices followed regional commercial recommendations, except that no calcium was applied. The effect of rootstock on cultivar performance was examined. Whether trees were propagated on Mark or M.9 made no difference to cultivar comparisons of the number of days between bloom and maturity, nor fruit red Color, soluble solids concentration, or length/ diameter ratio, but these measures were affected by location and/or location x cultivar interaction. Scion differences in bloom density ratings were consistent across all rootstocks and locations, with 'Braeburn' having the greatest bloom density, followed by 'Golden Delicious', and then 'Yataka Fuji.' Skin russet was unaffected by rootstock; 'Golden Delicious' had slightly more russet than 'Braeburn'. Rootstock affected flesh firmness consistently, with fruit from trees on Mark being about 0.27 kg firmer than on M.9. Rootstock differentially affected cultivar fruit size, flesh titratable acidity and yield efficiency. However, the cultivar x rootstock interaction effect was small compared to location differences for fruit size and yield efficiency, and its effect on fruit acidity was limited to one location. Rootstock influenced cultivar tree size (trunk cross-sectional area, tree height and spread), but the presence, direction and magnitude of the rootstock effect varied with location and cultivar. At sites and for scions where tree size differed significantly between rootstocks, trees on Mark tended to be larger than those on M.9 in sites with cold winters and smaller than on M.9 in southern sites. Rootstock also affected cumulative yield; the extent and direction of the effect varied with location but not cultivar. At the majority of locations, 'Golden Delicious' was more productive than 'Braeburn', but not more yield-efficient. At 13 of 19 locations, 'Golden Delicious' was more yield-efficient than 'Yataka Fuji'.
机译：研究了三个苹果（Malus x domestica Borkh。）品种（'Braeburn'，'Gibson Golden Delicious'和'Yataka Fuji'）在两种矮化砧木（M.9 T337和Mark）上的表现，历时五年，北美作为大型国​​际品种评估试验的一部分。树木被训练成细长的纺锤状，并在每个位置以随机区组设计排列。文化习惯遵循区域商业建议，但不加钙。检查了砧木对品种性能的影响。树木是在Mark还是M.9上繁殖，对于品种比较，开花和成熟之间的天数没有差异，果实红色，颜色，可溶性固形物浓度或长度/直径比也没有差异，但是这些措施受位置和/或影响或位置x品种相互作用。在所有砧木和所有砧木上，接穗的穗密度等级差异均一致，其中“ Braeburn”具有最大的茎密度，其次是“ Golden Delicious”，然后是“ Yataka Fuji”。皮肤褐变不受砧木的影响; “金冠”比“布雷本”更具焦躁。砧木持续地影响肉的硬度，Mark上树木的果实比M.9上的硬约0.27 kg。砧木差异地影响品种的果实大小，果肉可滴定的酸度和产量效率。然而，与位置差异有关的果实大小和产量效率相比，品种x砧木的交互作用较小，并且其对果实酸度的影响仅限于一个位置。砧木影响品种树的大小（树干的截面积，树的高度和传播），但是砧木效应的存在，方向和大小随位置和品种的不同而变化。在砧木之间的树木大小明显不同的地点和接穗上，在寒冷的冬季，马克的树木往往比M.9的树木大，而南部的树木则小于M.9。砧木也影响了累计产量;影响的程度和方向随位置而变化，但品种不变化。在大多数地区，“黄金美味”比“布雷本”更具生产力，但产量效率却更高。在19个地点中的13个地点，“ Golden Delicious”比“ Yataka Fuji”的产量效率更高。

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