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Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) and increased risk of myocardial infarction.

机译:遗传性脂蛋白(a)升高并增加了心肌梗塞的风险。

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CONTEXT: High levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVE: To assess whether genetic data are consistent with this association being causal. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Three studies of white individuals from Copenhagen, Denmark, were used: the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS), a prospective general population study with 16 years of follow-up (1991-2007, n = 8637, 599 MI events); the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), a cross-sectional general population study (2003-2006, n = 29 388, 994 MI events); and the Copenhagen Ischemic Heart Disease Study (CIHDS), a case-control study (1991-2004, n = 2461, 1231 MI events). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma lipoprotein(a) levels, lipoprotein(a) kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) size polymorphism genotype, and MIs recorded from 1976 through July 2007 for all participants. RESULTS: In the CCHS, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for MI for elevated lipoprotein(a) levels were 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.6; events/10,000 person-years, 59) for levels between the 22nd and 66th percentile, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.2; events/10,000 person-years, 75) for the 67th to 89th percentile, 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2-3.0; events/10,000 person-years, 84) for the 90th to 95th percentile, and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.6-4.1; events/10,000 person-years, 108) for levels greater than the 95th percentile, respectively, vs levels less than the 22nd percentile (events/10,000 person-years, 55) (trend P < .001). Numbers of KIV-2 repeats (sum of repeats on both alleles) ranged from 6 to 99 and on analysis of variance explained 21% and 27% of all variation in plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in the CCHS and CGPS, respectively. Mean lipoprotein(a) levels were 56, 31, 20, and 15 mg/dL for the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of KIV-2 repeats in the CCHS, respectively (trend P < .001); corresponding values in the CGPS were 60, 34, 22, and 19 mg/dL (trend P < .001). In the CCHS, multivariable-adjusted HRs for MI were 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2-1.9; events/10,000 person-years, 75), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6; events/10,000 person-years, 66), and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.9-1.4; events/10,000 person-years, 57) for individuals in the first, second, and third quartiles, respectively, as compared with individuals in the fourth quartile of KIV-2 repeats (events/10,000 person-years, 51) (trend P < .001). Corresponding odds ratios were 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.5), 1.1 (95% CI, 0.9-1.3), and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.8-1.1) in the CGPS (trend P = .005), and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.7), 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6), and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6) in the CIHDS (trend P = .01). Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) was associated with an HR of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.09-1.37) per doubling of lipoprotein(a) level on instrumental variable analysis, while the corresponding value for plasma lipoprotein(a) levels on Cox regression was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.12). CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with a causal association between elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and increased risk of MI.
机译:背景:脂蛋白(a)水平高与心肌梗死(MI)的风险增加有关。目的:评估遗传数据是否与因果关系相关。设计,地点和参与者:使用了三项来自丹麦哥本哈根的白人个体研究:哥本哈根市心脏研究(CCHS),这是一项为期16年的随访(1991-2007,n = 8637, 599 MI事件);哥本哈根总人口研究(CGPS),一项横断面总人口研究(2003-2006,n = 29 388,994例MI事件);以及病例对照研究哥本哈根缺血性心脏病研究(CIHDS)(1991-2004,n = 2461,1231 MI事件)。主要观察指标:1976年至2007年7月所有参加者的血浆脂蛋白(a)水平,脂蛋白(a)kringle IV 2型(KIV-2)大小多态性基因型和MIs记录。结果:在CCHS中,脂蛋白(a)水平升高的MI的多变量调整风险比(HRs)为1.2(95%置信区间[CI]为0.9-1.6;事件/ 10,000人年,59)。第22和66位百分位分别为1.6(95%CI,1.1-2.2;事件/ 10,000人年,75),第67至89%百分位,1.9(95%CI,1.2-3.0;事件/ 10,000人年,84) )分别高于第95个百分位数和低于第22个百分位(事件/ 10,000人)的水平,则分别排在第90至95个百分位和2.6(95%CI,1.6-4.1;事件/ 10,000人年,108)年(55岁)(趋势P <.001)。 KIV-2重复数(两个等位基因上的重复数之和)范围从6到99,在方差分析中,分别解释了CCHS和CGPS中血浆脂蛋白(a)水平所有变化的21%和27%。在CCHS中,KIV-2重复的第一,第二,第三和第四四分位数的平均脂蛋白水平分别为56、31、20和15 mg / dL(趋势P <.001); CGPS中的相应值为60、34、22和19 mg / dL(趋势P <.001)。在CCHS中,MI的多变量调整后的HR为1.5(95%CI,1.2-1.9;事件/ 10,000人年,75),1.3(95%CI,1.0-1.6;事件/ 10,000人年,66)与第一,第二和第三四分位数中的个人相比,与KIV-2重复的第四四分位数中的个人分别为1.1和1.1(95%CI,0.9-1.4;事件/ 10,000人年,57)。 / 10,000人年,51岁)(趋势P <.001)。 CGPS中相应的优势比分别为1.3(95%CI,1.1-1.5),1.1(95%CI,0.9-1.3)和0.9(95%CI,0.8-1.1),以及1.4(1.4 CIHDS(趋势P = 0.01)中的(95%CI,1.1-1.7),1.2(95%CI,1.0-1.6)和1.3(95%CI,1.0-1.6)。在工具变量分析中,每增加一倍脂蛋白(a),遗传升高的脂蛋白(a)的HR为1.22(95%CI,1.09-1.37),而血浆血浆脂蛋白(a)在Cox回归上的对应值为1.08(95%CI,1.03-1.12)。结论:这些数据与脂蛋白(a)水平升高和MI风险增加之间的因果关系一致。

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