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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry >Chemical composition of Juniperus communis L. fruits supercritical CO2 extracts: dependence on pressure and extraction time
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Chemical composition of Juniperus communis L. fruits supercritical CO2 extracts: dependence on pressure and extraction time

机译：杜松果实超临界CO2萃取物的化学组成：对压力和萃取时间的依赖性

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摘要

Ground fruits of the common juniper (Juniperus communis L.), with a particle size range from 0.250-0.400 mm, forming a bed of around 20.00 +/- 0.05 g, were extracted with supercritical CO(2) at pressures of 80, 90, and 100 bars and at a temperature of 40 degrees C. The total amount of extractable substances or global yield (mass of extract/mass of raw material) for the supercritical fluid extraction process varied from 0.65 to 4.00% (wt). At each investigated pressure, supercritical CO(2) extract fractions collected in successive time intervals over the course of the extraction were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization (GC-FID) and mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). More than 200 constituents were detected in the extracts, and the contents of 50 compounds were reported in the work. Dependence of the percentage yields of monoterpene, sesquiterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, and oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbon groups on the extraction time was investigated, and conditions that favored the yielding of each terpene groups were emphasized. At all pressures, monoterpene hydrocarbons were almost completely extracted from the berries in the first 0.6 h. It was possible to extract oxygenated monoterpenes at 100 bar in 0.5 h and at 90 bar in 1.2 h. Contrary to that, during an extraction period of 4 h at 80 bar, it was possible to extract only 75% of the maximum yielded value of oxygenated monoterpene at 100 bar. Intensive extraction of sesquiterpenes could be by no means avoided at any pressure, but at the beginning of the process (the first 0.5 h) at 80 bar, they were extracted about 8 and 3 times slower than at 100 and 90 bar, respectively. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were yielded at fast, constant extraction rates at 100 and 90 bar in 1.2 and 3 h, respectively. This initial fast extraction period was consequently followed by much slower extraction of oxygenated sesquiterpenes.
机译：用超临界CO（2）在80、90的压力下提取普通杜松（Juniperus communis L.）的磨碎果实，其粒径范围为0.250-0.400 mm，形成约20.00 +/- 0.05 g的床层。和100巴，温度为40摄氏度。超临界流体萃取过程的可萃取物质总量或总产率（萃取物质量/原料质量）在0.65％至4.00％（wt）之间变化。在每个研究压力下，通过毛细管气相色谱法，使用火焰电离（GC-FID）和质谱检测（GC-MS）分析在萃取过程中连续时间间隔内收集的超临界CO（2）萃取级分。在提取物中检测出200多种成分，并报告了50种化合物的含量。研究了单萜，倍半萜烯，氧化单萜和氧化倍半萜烃基的百分收率与提取时间的关系，并强调了有利于每个萜烯基收率的条件。在所有压力下，最初的0.6小时内，单萜碳氢化合物几乎完全从浆果中提取出来。可以在0.5 h的100 bar和1.2 h的90 bar下萃取含氧的单萜。与此相反，在80 bar的萃取4 h期间，可能仅萃取100 bar的氧化单萜最大得率值的75％。在任何压力下都无法避免密集提取倍半萜，但在过程开始时（最初的0.5小时）中，在80巴下，它们的提取速度分别比在100巴和90巴下慢8倍和3倍。分别在1.2和3 h内以100 bar和90 bar的快速，恒定的萃取速率产生氧化的倍半萜。因此，在最初的快速提取期之后，是氧化倍半萜烯的提取慢得多。

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