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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural Economics >Bt Cotton, Pesticide Use and Environmental Efficiency in Pakistan
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Bt Cotton, Pesticide Use and Environmental Efficiency in Pakistan

机译：巴基斯坦转基因棉花，农药的使用和环境效率

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摘要

There is a broad literature on the impact of Bt cotton adoption in different countries, but few studies have explicitly looked at environmental and health effects from an economic perspective. We analyse the impact of Bt cotton on environmental efficiency in Pakistan, using farm survey data and a doubly heteroskedastic stochastic production function framework. Negative environmental and health effects of chemical pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient. Bt-adopting farms have higher cotton yields, while using lower pesticide quantities and causing less environmental damage. Bt farms are both technically and environmentally more efficient than non-Bt farms. Bt adoption increases environmental efficiency by 37%. Achieving the same reduction in negative environmental and health impact without Bt would cost conventional cotton farmers US$ 54 per acre in terms of foregone yields and revenues (7% of total revenues). Extrapolating this shadow price of the technology's health and environmental benefits to the total Bt cotton area in Pakistan results in an aggregate value of US$ 370million. These benefits are in addition to the profit gains for Bt-adopting farmers. Our results suggest that Bt technology can contribute to sustainable agricultural development.
机译：关于采用Bt棉在不同国家的影响有广泛的文献报道，但是很少有研究从经济角度明确地研究环境和健康影响。我们使用农场调查数据和双重异方差随机生产函数框架分析了Bt棉花对巴基斯坦环境效率的影响。化学杀虫剂使用对环境和健康的负面影响可以通过环境影响商来量化。采用Bt的农场的棉花产量更高，同时使用的农药数量更少，对环境的破坏也较小。 Bt农场比非Bt农场在技术和环境上都更加有效。采用Bt可使环境效率提高37％。在没有Bt的情况下实现对环境和健康的负面影响的相同减少，将使传统棉农的单产和收成损失每英亩54美元（占总收成的7％）。将该技术的健康和环境效益的影子价格推算到巴基斯坦的Bt棉花总面积中，得出的总价值为3.7亿美元。这些好处是采用Bt的农民获得的利润的补充。我们的结果表明，Bt技术可以促进可持续农业发展。

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