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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Apicultural Research >Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research
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Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research

机译：蜜蜂研究的其他标准方法

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A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey bees, including the queen, larvae and pupae are required. There are different methods for the immobilising, killing and storing as well as determining individual weight of bees. The precise timing of developmental stages is also an important aspect of sampling individuals for experiments. In order to investigate and manipulate functional processes in honey bees, e. g. memory formation and retrieval and gene expression, microinjection is often used. A method that is used by both researchers and beekeepers is the marking of queens that serves not only to help to locate her during her life, but also enables the dating of queens. Creating multiple queen colonies allows the beekeeper to maintain spare queens, increase brood production or ask questions related to reproduction. On colony level, very useful techniques are the measurement of intra hive mortality using dead bee traps, weighing of full hives, collecting pollen and nectar, and digital monitoring of brood development via location recognition. At the population level, estimation of population density is essential to evaluate the health status and using beelines help to locate wild colonies. These methods, described in this paper, are especially valuable when investigating the effects of pesticide applications, environmental pollution and diseases on colony survival
机译：蜜蜂研究中使用了多种方法，并且根据研究水平的不同而不同。在个体层面上，需要处理个体蜂，包括蜂王，幼虫和p。固定，杀死和储存以及确定蜜蜂的个体重量有多种方法。发育阶段的精确时机也是对个体进行实验采样的重要方面。为了研究和操纵蜜蜂的功能过程，例如G。由于记忆形成，恢复和基因表达，经常使用显微注射。研究人员和养蜂人都使用了一种方法来标记皇后，这不仅有助于她一生中的定位，而且还可以使皇后约会。创建多个女王群体可以使养蜂人维持多余的女王群体，增加育雏产量或询问与繁殖有关的问题。在菌落水平上，非常有用的技术是使用死蜂诱捕器测量蜂巢内死亡率，对整个蜂巢进行称重，收集花粉和花蜜以及通过位置识别对育雏过程进行数字监控。在人口一级，估计人口密度对于评估健康状况至关重要，而使用蜂线则有助于定位野生菌落。本文所述的这些方法在调查农药施用，环境污染和疾病对菌落存活的影响时特别有价值

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