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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied physiology >Autonomic cardiovascular and respiratory control during prolonged spaceflights aboard the International Space Station
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Autonomic cardiovascular and respiratory control during prolonged spaceflights aboard the International Space Station

机译：国际空间站长时间飞行中的自主心血管和呼吸控制

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Impaired autonomic control represents a cardiovascular risk factor during long-term spaceflight. Little has been reported on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) during and after prolonged spaceflight. We tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular control remains stable during prolonged spaceflight. Electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, and respiratory frequency (RF) were assessed in eight male cosmonauts (age 41–50 yr, body-mass index of 22–28 kg/m2) during long-term missions (flight lengths of 162–196 days). Recordings were made 60 and 30 days before the flight, every 4 wk during flight, and on days 3 and 6 postflight during spontaneous and controlled respiration. Orthostatic testing was performed pre- and postflight. RF and BP decreased during spaceflight (P < 0.05). Mean HR and HRV in the low- and high-frequency bands did not change during spaceflight. However, the individual responses were different and correlated with preflight values. Pulse-wave transit time decreased during spaceflight (P < 0.05). HRV reached during controlled respiration (6 breaths/min) decreased in six and increased in one cosmonaut during flight. The most pronounced changes in HR, BP, and HRV occurred after landing. The decreases in BP and RF combined with stable HR and HRV during flight suggest functional adaptation rather than pathological changes. Pulse-wave transit time shortening in our study is surprising and may reflect cardiac output redistribution in space. The decrease in HRV during controlled respiration (6 breaths/min) indicates reduced parasympathetic reserve, which may contribute to postflight disturbances.
机译：自主控制能力受损代表长期航天过程中的心血管危险因素。关于长时间飞行期间和之后的血压（BP），心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）的报道很少。我们检验了长时间飞行期间心血管控制保持稳定的假设。在长期任务（飞行时间为162-196天）中，对八名男性宇航员（41-50岁，身体质量指数为22-28 kg / m2）进行了心电图，光电容积描记法和呼吸频率（RF）评估。在飞行前60天和30天，飞行过程中每4周以及飞行后第3天和第6天进行自发和受控呼吸的记录。飞行前和飞行后进行体位测试。太空飞行期间RF和BP下降（P <0.05）。在飞行过程中，低频段和高频段的平均HR和HRV不变。但是，个体反应不同，并且与飞行前值相关。在太空飞行中，脉冲波的传播时间减少了（P <0.05）。在控制性呼吸（每分钟6次呼吸）期间达到的HRV在飞行过程中减少了六次，而一名宇航员增加了。降落后，HR，BP和HRV的变化最为明显。在飞行过程中BP和RF的降低以及稳定的HR和HRV提示功能适应性强，而不是病理改变。在我们的研究中，脉搏波传播时间的缩短令人惊讶，并且可能反映了心输出量在空间中的重新分布。受控呼吸（每分钟6次呼吸）期间HRV的降低表明副交感神经储备减少，这可能会导致飞行后干扰。

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