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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Geophysics >Processing and preliminary interpretation of noisy high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction data across the active Ostler Fault zone, South Island, New Zealand
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Processing and preliminary interpretation of noisy high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction data across the active Ostler Fault zone, South Island, New Zealand

机译：新西兰南岛活动中的奥斯特勒断裂带上嘈杂的高分辨率地震反射/折射数据的处理和初步解释

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摘要

In an attempt to understand the structure of active faults as they emerge from bedrock into shallow semi-consolidated and unconsolidated sediments, we have recorded a comprehensive high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction data set across the Ostler Fault zone on the central South Island of New Zealand. This fault zone, which absorbs 1-2 mm/yr of compression associated with oblique convergence of the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates, consists of a series of surface-rupturing N-S trending, west-dipping reverse faults that offset a thick sequence of Quaternary glacial outwash and late Neogene fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Mackenzie Basin. Our study focuses on a region of the basin where two non-overlapping fault segments are separated by a transfer zone. Deformation in this area is accommodated by offsets on multiple small faults and by folding in their hanging walls. The seismic data with source and receiver spacing of 6 and 3 m and nominal CMP fold of 60 was acquired along twelve 1.2 km long lines orthogonal to fault strike and an additional 1.6 km long tie-line parallel to fault strike. The combination of active deformation and shallow glacial outwash sediments results in particularly complicated seismic data, such that application of relatively standard processing schemes yields only poor quality images. We have designed a pre- and post-stack reflection/refraction processing scheme that focuses on minimising random and source-generated noise. determining appropriate static corrections and resolving contrasting reflection dips. Application of this processing scheme to the Ostler Fault data provides critical information on fault geometry and offset and on sedimentary structures from the surface to similar to 800 m depth. Our preliminary interpretation of one of the lines includes complex deformation structures with folding and multiple subsidiary fault splays on either side of a similar to 50 degrees west-dipping primary fault plane.
机译：为了了解活动断层从基岩形成的浅层半固结和未固结沉积物中的结构，我们记录了横跨新南岛中部奥斯特勒断裂带的高分辨率高分辨率地震反射/折射数据集西兰。该断层带吸收了1-2 mm / yr的压缩力，与太平洋和澳大利亚构造板块的斜向汇聚有关，由一系列地表破裂的NS趋势，向西倾斜的反向断层组成，这些断层抵消了第四纪冰川的厚层序麦肯奇盆地的潮水冲刷和新近纪晚期河湖沉积物。我们的研究集中在盆地的一个区域，在该区域中两个不重叠的断层段被一个转移带隔开。该区域的变形可以通过多个小断层的偏移量以及在其悬壁上的折叠来解决。沿12条与断层走向正交的1.2公里长的线和一条与断层走向平行的另外1.6公里长的连接线，获取了震源和接收器间距分别为6和3 m以及CMP倍数为60的地震数据。主动变形和浅层冰川冲刷沉积物的组合会导致特别复杂的地震数据，因此应用相对标准的处理方案只会产生质量较差的图像。我们设计了叠前和叠后反射/折射处理方案，该方案着重于最大程度地减少随机噪声和源噪声。确定适当的静态校正并解决对比反射倾角。将该处理方案应用于Ostler断层数据可提供有关断层几何形状和偏移以及从地表到约800 m深度的沉积结构的重要信息。我们对其中一条线的初步解释包括复杂的变形结构，该结构在类似于西倾50度的主断层平面的两侧均具有折叠和多个次生断层张开。

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