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The comparative effect of subjective and objective after-action reviews on team performance on a complex task

机译：主观和客观的事后评价对复杂任务团队绩效的比较作用

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摘要

The after-action review (AAR; also known as the after-event review or debriefing) is an approach to training based on a review of trainees' performance on recently completed tasks or performance events. Used by the military for decades, nonmilitary organizations' use of AARs has increased dramatically in recent years. Despite the prevalence of AARs, empirical research investigating their effectiveness has been limited. This study sought to investigate the comparative effectiveness of objective AARs (reviews based on an objective recording and playback of trainees' recent performance) and subjective AARs (reviews based on a subjective, memory-based recall of trainees' recent performance). One hundred eighty-eight individuals, participating in 47 4-person teams, were assigned to 1 of 3 AAR conditions and practiced and tested on a cognitively complex performance task. Although there were no significant differences between objective and subjective AAR teams across the 5 training outcomes, AAR teams had higher levels of team performance, team efficacy, openness of communication, and cohesion than did non-AAR teams but no differences in their levels of team declarative knowledge. Our results suggest that AARs are effective at enhancing training outcomes. Furthermore, AARs may not be dependent on objective reviews and therefore may be a viable training intervention when objective reviews are not feasible or possible.
机译：事后复习（AAR;也称为事后复习或汇报）是一种基于对学员最近完成的任务或绩效事件的绩效进行复习的培训方法。军事机构使用了几十年，近年来非军事组织对AAR的使用急剧增加。尽管AAR盛行，但研究其有效性的实证研究仍然有限。这项研究旨在调查客观AAR（基于客观记录和回放学员近期表现的评价）和主观AAR（基于基于记忆的学员近期表现回忆的评价）的相对有效性。参加47个4人小组的188个人被分配到3种AAR条件中的1种，并在一项认知上复杂的绩效任务上进行练习和测试。尽管在5个培训结果中客观和主观AAR团队之间没有显着差异，但是AAR团队的团队绩效，团队效能，沟通的开放性和凝聚力比非AAR团队更高，但团队水平没有差异陈述性知识。我们的结果表明，AAR可有效提高培训效果。此外，AAR可能不依赖于客观审查，因此当客观审查不可行或不可能时，AAR可能是可行的培训干预措施。

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