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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Psychology >Departures From Optimality When Pursuing Multiple Approach or Avoidance Goals
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Departures From Optimality When Pursuing Multiple Approach or Avoidance Goals

机译：追求多重方法或回避目标时偏离最优性

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This article examines how people depart from optimality during multiple-goal pursuit. The authors operationalized optimality using dynamic programming, which is a mathematical model used to calculate expected value in multistage decisions. Drawing on prospect theory, they predicted that people are risk-averse when pursuing approach goals and are therefore more likely to prioritize the goal in the best position than the dynamic programming model suggests is optimal. The authors predicted that people are risk-seeking when pursuing avoidance goals and are therefore more likely to prioritize the goal in the worst position than is optimal. These predictions were supported by results from an experimental paradigm in which participants made a series of prioritization decisions while pursuing either 2 approach or 2 avoidance goals. This research demonstrates the usefulness of using decision-making theories and normative models to understand multiple-goal pursuit.
机译：本文研究了人们在多目标追求中如何偏离最优性。作者使用动态规划来实现最优性，动态规划是一种用于在多阶段决策中计算期望值的数学模型。他们基于前景理论，预测人们在追求方法目标时会规避风险，因此比动态规划模型建议的最优方法更可能将目标放在最佳位置。作者预测，人们在追求回避目标时会冒险，因此更有可能在最差的位置确定目标的优先级，而不是最佳状态。这些预测得到了实验范式的结果的支持，在实验范式中，参与者在追求2个方法或2个回避目标的同时做出了一系列优先级决策。这项研究证明了使用决策理论和规范模型来理解多目标追求的有用性。

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