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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Archaeological Science >Integrated palaeoecology and archaeology-a powerful approach for understanding pre-Columbian Amazonia
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Integrated palaeoecology and archaeology-a powerful approach for understanding pre-Columbian Amazonia

机译：整合的古生态学和考古学-一种了解哥伦布时代前亚马逊河的有力方法

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摘要

The old paradigm that Amazonia's tropical ecosystems prevented cultural development beyond smallscale shifting agricultural economies, that had little environmental impact, no longer holds true for much of Amazonia. A diversity of archaeological evidence, including terra preta soils, raised fields, causeways, large habitation mounds, geometric earthworks, and megalithic monuments, all point to considerable cultural complexity and environmental impacts. However, uncertainty remains over the chronology of these cultures, their diet and economy, and the scale of environmental impact and land use associated with them. Here, we argue that a cross-disciplinary approach, closely coupling palaeoecology and archaeology, can potentially resolve these uncertainties. We show how, with careful site selection (pairing small and large lakes, close proximity to archaeological sites, transects of soil pits) and choice of techniques (e.g., pollen, phytoliths, starch grains, charcoal, stable isotopes), these two disciplines can be successfully integrated to provide a powerful tool for investigating the relationship between pre- Columbian cultures and their environment.
机译：亚马孙地区的热带生态系统阻止了文化的发展，而不是由小规模转移的农业经济带来的，这对环境几乎没有影响，这种旧范式不再适用于许多亚马孙地区。各种各样的考古证据，包括兵马俑土壤，凸起的田野，堤道，大型居住土丘，几何土方工程和巨石纪念碑，都表明了相当大的文化复杂性和环境影响。但是，这些文化的时间顺序，饮食和经济以及与之相关的环境影响和土地利用的规模仍存在不确定性。在这里，我们认为跨学科的方法将古生态学和考古学紧密结合在一起，可以潜在地解决这些不确定性。我们展示了如何通过仔细的选址（将大小湖泊配对，靠近考古遗址，土坑的横断面）和选择技术（例如花粉，植物石料，淀粉粒，木炭，稳定同位素）来实现这两个学科可以成功整合，以提供一个强大的工具来调查前哥伦比亚文化与其环境之间的关系。

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