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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biogeography >Community organization and species richness of ants (Hymenoptera/Formicidae) in Mongolia along an ecological gradient from steppe to Gobi desert
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Community organization and species richness of ants (Hymenoptera/Formicidae) in Mongolia along an ecological gradient from steppe to Gobi desert

机译：草原到戈壁沙漠生态梯度下蒙古蚂蚁（膜翅目/甲科）的群落组织和物种丰富度

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Aim Ants (Hymenoptera/Formicidae) have strong influences on ecosystems especially in arid regions. However, little is known about ants of the vast steppe and desert regions of Central Asia. Here we provide the first comprehensive study of ant communities in Mongolia, conducted along a north-to-south gradient in climate. We examined ants' distribution patterns, assessed the impact of climatic parameters on community structure and species diversity and investigated the influence of the corresponding communities of plants. Location Mongolia (Central Asia). Methods We observed 31,956 ants at seed baits at 11 study sites along a transect from steppe to Gobi desert for which we attained meteorological data (mean yearly precipitation: 197 to 84 mm). Extra sampling was conducted at sugar and protein baits and by the inspection of different microhabitats. Vegetation patterns of each plot were recorded. Statistical evaluation comprised ordination and correlation. Results We observed 15 species of ants at seed baits. Three faunal complexes of ants could be distinguished by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA): (1) in steppe baits were dominated by Formica- and Myrmica-species, (2) in semi desert we found mostly species of Tetramorium, Myrmica, Proformica, Plagiolepis, and Leptothorax, and (3) in desert Cataglyphis aenescens and Messor aciculatus dominated, and Lasius was exclusively found there. Another 11 rare ant species were sampled by hand and at sugar baits. Altogether five ant species were new to the Mongolian fauna: Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi, Myrmica koreana, Myrmica pisarskii, Polyergus nigerrimus, and Proformica kaszabi. Assignment of taxa to functional groups showed that in steppe cold climate specialists dominated, in semi desert we found mainly opportunists, and in desert hot climate specialists. Several functional groups know from arid zones in other parts of the world were missing. In desert certain species were highly dominant. First DCA scores of ant- and plant-communities were highly correlated with each other and with climatic parameters. While plant species diversity was positively correlated with increasing northern latitude, ant diversity and ant species richness were not correlated with latitude and responded neither to precipitation, nor to any other climatic parameter. Semi desert was a transition zone between steppe and desert, with high species richness. Ant genus composition of the ecotone overlapped with both other regions. However, beta diversity between pairs of plots within this zone was low, indicating a small-scale mosaic pattern. Main conclusions The ant communities in the Mongolian steppe and desert zones were strongly influenced by low temperatures and differed in many aspects from the ant fauna in other arid ecosystems, especially in terms of species richness, diversity of feeding guilds, and richness of functional groups.
机译：蚂蚁（膜翅目/甲虫）对生态系统有强烈影响，尤其是在干旱地区。但是，对中亚广大草原和沙漠地区的蚂蚁知之甚少。在这里，我们提供了关于蒙古蚂蚁群落的第一个综合研究，该研究是沿着气候的从北到南梯度进行的。我们研究了蚂蚁的分布模式，评估了气候参数对群落结构和物种多样性的影响，并调查了相应植物群落的影响。地点蒙古（中亚）。方法我们在沿草原到戈壁沙漠的一条样带的11个研究地点的种子诱饵中观察到31,956头蚂蚁，获得了气象数据（年平均降水量为197至84 mm）。通过对糖和蛋白质诱饵以及通过检查不同的微生境进行额外采样。记录每个样地的植被模式。统计评估包括排序和相关性。结果我们在种子诱饵上观察到了15种蚂蚁。可以通过去趋势对应分析（DCA）来区分三种蚂蚁动物群：（1）草原饵料中以福米卡属和麦尔米卡属为主，（2）在半沙漠地区，我们发现的主要是四芒草，麦尔米卡，普罗米卡，Plagiolepis ，和Leptothorax，以及（3）在沙漠中的Cataglyphis aenescens和Messor aciculatus中占主导地位，而Lasius仅在那里发现。另有11种稀有蚂蚁物种通过手工和糖诱饵采样。蒙古动物共有5种新的蚂蚁物种：Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi，Myrmica koreana，Myrmica pisarskii，Polyergus nigerrimus和Proformica kaszabi。将分类单元分配给功能组表明，在草原中，寒冷的气候专家占主导地位，在半沙漠中，我们主要是机会主义者，而在沙漠热的气候专家中。从世界其他地区的干旱地区得知的几个职能小组不见了。在沙漠中，某些物种占主导地位。蚂蚁和植物群落的第一DCA评分彼此之间以及与气候参数高度相关。虽然植物物种多样性与北方纬度的增加呈正相关，但蚂蚁的多样性和蚂蚁物种的丰富度与纬度无关，并且既不响应降水，也不响应任何其他气候参数。半荒漠是草原与荒漠之间的过渡带，物种丰富度高。过渡带的蚂蚁属组成与其他两个区域重叠。但是，该区域内的成对绘图之间的β多样性很低，表明存在小规模的马赛克图案。主要结论蒙古草原和沙漠地区的蚂蚁群落受到低温的强烈影响，并且在许多方面与其他干旱生态系统中的蚂蚁动物群有所不同，特别是在物种丰富度，饲养行会的多样性以及功能群的丰富度方面。

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