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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biogeography >Tree diversity on islands: assembly rules, passive sampling and the theory of island biogeography
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Tree diversity on islands: assembly rules, passive sampling and the theory of island biogeography

机译：岛屿上的树木多样性：组装规则，被动采样和岛屿生物地理学理论

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AimSpecies diversity is distributed heterogeneously through space, for reasons that are poorly understood. We tested three hypotheses to account for spatial variation in coniferous tree species diversity in a temperate island archipelago. The theory of island biogeography (ToIB) predicts that island area affects species diversity both directly (by increasing habitat diversity) and indirectly (by increasing abundances, which in turn reduce extinction rates). The ToIB also predicts that island isolation directly affects species diversity by reducing immigration rates. The passive sampling hypothesis predicts that island area and isolation both affect species diversity indirectly, by increasing and decreasing abundances, respectively. Community assembly rules (i.e. even partitioning of conifer abundances among islands) might also reduce tree species diversity beyond the core predictions of ToIB and the passive sampling hypothesis.LocationBarkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada.MethodsThe abundances of eight coniferous tree species were quantified on 34 islands and two (1 ha) mainland plots. The predictions of the ToIB and the passive sampling hypothesis were tested using path analysis, and null models were used to test for abundance-based assembly rules and to further test the passive sampling hypothesis.ResultsPath analysis showed that island area and isolation did not have direct, statistical effects on tree species diversity. Instead, both geographic variables had direct statistical effects on total tree abundances, which in turn predicted tree diversity. Results from several passive sampling null models were correlated with observed patterns in species diversity, but they consistently overestimated the number of tree species inhabiting most islands. A different suite of null models showed support for community assembly rules, or that tree species often reached higher abundances on islands that housed fewer heterospecific trees.Main conclusionsResults were inconsistent with the ToIB. Instead, patterns in tree diversity were best explained by a combination of stochastic (passive sampling) and deterministic (assembly rules) processes. Stochastic and deterministic processes are commonly considered to be exclusive explanations for island community structure, but results from this study suggest that they can work synergistically to structure island tree communities.
机译：AimSpecies多样性是通过空间异构分布的，原因尚不清楚。我们测试了三个假设，以解释温带岛屿群岛中针叶树物种多样性的空间变化。岛屿生物地理学理论（ToIB）预测，岛屿面积会直接（通过增加栖息地多样性）和间接（通过增加丰度，进而降低灭绝率）影响物种多样性。 ToIB还预测，岛屿隔离会通过降低移民率直接影响物种多样性。被动抽样假说预测，岛屿面积和隔离都分别通过增加和减少丰度来间接影响物种多样性。社区集会规则（即甚至在岛上划分针叶树丰度）也可能会减少ToIB核心预测和被动抽样假设之外的树木物种多样性。位置加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省巴克利桑德（Barkley Sound）方法8种针叶树物种的丰度在34岛屿和两个（1公顷）大陆地块。使用路径分析检验了ToIB和被动抽样假设的预测，并使用空模型检验了基于丰度的装配规则并进一步检验了被动抽样假设。结果路径分析表明，岛屿面积和隔离度没有直接关系，对树种多样性的统计影响。取而代之的是，这两个地理变量对树的总丰度具有直接的统计影响，进而预测了树的多样性。几个被动采样无效模型的结果与物种多样性的观察模式相关，但它们始终高估了大多数岛屿上树木的数量。另一种不同的无效模型套件显示了对社区装配规则的支持，或者树木物种在容纳较少异种树木的岛屿上经常达到较高的丰度。主要结论结果与ToIB不一致。取而代之的是，树形多样性的模式最好通过随机（被动采样）和确定性（装配规则）过程的组合来解释。随机过程和确定性过程通常被认为是岛屿群落结构的唯一解释，但这项研究的结果表明，它们可以协同作用来构建岛屿树木群落。

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