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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Increasing strain and strain rate strengthen transient stiffness but weaken the response to subsequent compression for articular cartilage in unconfined compression.
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Increasing strain and strain rate strengthen transient stiffness but weaken the response to subsequent compression for articular cartilage in unconfined compression.

机译：应变和应变率的增加会增强瞬态刚度，但会削弱无限制压缩中对关节软骨后续压缩的响应。

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摘要

Strain amplitude and strain rate dependent nonlinear behavior and load-induced mechanical property alterations of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage attached to bone were investigated in unconfined compression. A sequence of test compressions of finite deformation (ranging from 0.9% to 34.5% nominal strain) was performed at strain rates ranging from approximately 0.053%/s to 5.8%/s. Peak and equilibrium loads were analyzed to determine strain amplitude and strain rate dependence of linear versus nonlinear responses. The test protocol was designed to reveal changes in mechanical properties due to these finite deformations by interspersing small-amplitude witness ramps of approximately 1.1% deformation and approximately 0.44%/s strain rate between the test ramps ("witness" meaning to assess any mechanical property changes). We found that peak loads displayed high nonlinearity, stiffening with both increasing compression amplitude and more so with increasing strain rate. The response to witness ramps suggested that mechanical weakening occurred when compression amplitude reached 1.9-2.9% strain and beyond, and that weakening was much more significant at higher strain rate. These findings delineate regimes of linear versus nonlinear behavior of cartilage, and indicate the types of loads which can cause mechanical property alterations. Biological implications of this study are that strain amplitude and strain rate dependent stiffening may be essential to bear physiological loads and to protect cells and matrix from mechanical damage. Structural changes reflected by mechanical weakening at small compression could also initiate remodeling or disease processes.
机译：在无侧限压迫下研究了全厚度牛关节软骨的应变振幅和应变速率依赖性非线性行为以及载荷诱导的力学性能变化。以大约0.053％/ s至5.8％/ s的应变速率执行一系列的有限变形测试压缩（标称应变范围从0.9％到34.5％）。分析了峰值和平衡载荷，以确定线性和非线性响应的应变幅度和应变率相关性。测试协议旨在通过散布约1.1％变形和约0.44％/ s应变率的小幅度见证坡道来揭示由于这些有限变形而引起的机械性能变化（“见证”是指评估任何机械性能变化）。我们发现峰值载荷表现出高度的非线性，随着压缩幅度的增加以及随应变率的增加而增加。对见证坡道的反应表明，当压缩幅度达到1.9-2.9％应变及更高时，机械减弱会发生，而在较高的应变率下，减弱会更为明显。这些发现描绘了软骨线性行为与非线性行为的状态，并指出了可能导致机械性能改变的载荷类型。这项研究的生物学意义在于，应变幅度和应变速率相关的硬化可能对于承受生理负荷以及保护细胞和基质免受机械损伤至关重要。在小压力下机械强度减弱所反映的结构变化也可能引发重塑或疾病过程。

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