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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Fall-related upper body injuries in the older adult: a review of the biomechanical issues.
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Fall-related upper body injuries in the older adult: a review of the biomechanical issues.

机译：老年人跌倒相关的上半身伤害：生物力学问题的回顾。

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摘要

Although the epidemiology of fall-related injuries is well established for the elderly population over 65 years of age, the biomechanics of how, when and why injuries do and do not occur when arresting a fall have received relatively little attention. This paper reviews the epidemiological literature in the MEDLINE data base pertinent to the biomechanics of fall-related injuries, including data on fall rates, fall-related injury rates, fall directions and types of injuries available. It also covers primary sources not listed on MEDLINE, along with the pertinent biomechanics literature. Many falls in older adults are in a forward direction, and as a result the upper extremities are one of the most commonly injured structures, presumably in protecting the head and torso. In this review emphasis is placed on what is, and what is not, known of the biomechanical factors that determine the impact forces and injury risk associated with upper extremity injuries in forward falls. While decreased bone mineral density may be contributory, it is not a reliable predictor of fracture risk. Evidence is presented that fall-related impact forces can be reduced by appropriate volitional arrest strategies. Further theoretical and experimental research is needed to identify appropriate fall-arrest strategies for the elderly, as well as the physical capacities and skills required to do so. Inexpensive interventions might then be developed to teach safe fall-arrest techniques to older individuals.
机译：尽管对于65岁以上的老年人来说，与跌倒相关的伤害的流行病学已经很成熟，但是在阻止跌倒时如何，何时以及为什么会受伤以及何时不会受伤的生物力学却很少受到关注。本文回顾了MEDLINE数据库中与跌倒相关伤害的生物力学相关的流行病学文献，包括跌倒率，跌倒相关伤害率，跌倒方向和可用伤害类型的数据。它还涵盖了MEDLINE上未列出的主要来源，以及相关的生物力学文献。许多老年人跌倒是朝前的，因此，上肢是最常见的受伤结构之一，大概是在保护头部和躯干方面。在这篇综述中，重点放在了哪些生物力学因素是已知的以及什么是未知的方面，这些因素决定了前倾中上肢受伤相关的冲击力和受伤风险。虽然骨矿物质密度降低可能是造成这种情况的原因，但它并不是骨折风险的可靠预测指标。有证据表明，可以通过适当的自愿逮捕策略来减少与坠落相关的撞击力。需要进行进一步的理论和实验研究，以确定适合老年人的防摔策略，以及为此所需的体力和技能。然后可以开发廉价的干预措施，向老年人讲授安全的防坠落技术。

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