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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >A SIMULATION STUDY OF VERTICAL JUMPING FROM DIFFERENT STARTING POSTURES
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A SIMULATION STUDY OF VERTICAL JUMPING FROM DIFFERENT STARTING POSTURES

机译：不同起始姿势垂直跳跃的模拟研究

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This paper addresses the question of whether maximal vertical jump height depends on initial jumping posture. A direct dynamics computer simulation approach was used to avoid subject preference and practice effects. The human body was modeled as four rigid segments connected by ideal hinge joints, with movement constrained to the sagittal plane and driven by three single-joint torque actuators. Maximal height jumps were found for each of 125 different intial postures. For each initial posture, the optimal pattern of joint torque actuator onset times was found using a multidimensional simplex algorithm searching for maximal jump height. The model results revealed that maximal jump height is relatively insensitive io initial posture, but that the pattern of joint torque onset times necessary to effect these optimal heights varies considerably. Model kinematics indicate that the variability in onset times is necessary to allow the body to re-orient itself in different ways during the downward countermovement phase. This variable re-orientation strategy is followed by a more stereotyped upward thrust phase that is similar despite the differences in starting postures. Model center of mass, joint and segmental kinematics show many features found in experimental studies of jumping, despite the exclusive use of single joint torque actuators. However, a proximal-to-distal sequence of joint coordination was not found, possibly because of the omission of antagonist and bi-articular muscles. The results suggest that similar vertical jump heights should be obtained using a wide range of initial starting positions. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. [References: 22]
机译：本文讨论最大垂直跳跃高度是否取决于初始跳跃姿势的问题。使用直接动力学计算机模拟方法来避免受试者的偏爱和练习效果。人体被建模为通过理想的铰链关节连接的四个刚性部分，其运动被限制在矢状平面上，并由三个单关节扭矩致动器驱动。对于125种不同的初始姿势，发现了最大的身高跳跃。对于每个初始姿势，使用搜索最大跳跃高度的多维单纯形算法找到关节扭矩执行器开始时间的最佳模式。模型结果表明，最大跳跃高度在初始姿势中相对不敏感，但是影响这些最佳高度所需的关节扭矩开始时间的模式却相差很大。模型运动学表明，在向下的反向运动阶段中，为了使身体以不同的方式重新定向自身，必须具有开始时间的可变性。尽管起始姿势有所不同，但此可变的重新定向策略之后是更定型的向上推力阶段，该阶段相似。尽管仅使用了单关节扭矩执行器，但质心，关节和分段运动学模型中心显示出许多在跳跃实验研究中发现的功能。但是，未发现关节协调的近端到远端序列，可能是由于省略了拮抗剂和双关节肌肉。结果表明，应在很宽的初始起始位置范围内获得相似的垂直跳跃高度。版权所有（C）1996，由Elsevier Science Ltd.发布[参考：22]

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