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An inverse finite-element model of heel-pad indentation

机译：鞋跟压痕的逆有限元模型

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A numerical-experimental approach has been developed to characterize heel-pad deformation at the material level. Left and right heels of 20 diabetic subjects and 20 nondiabetic subjects matched for age, gender and body mass index were indented using force-controlled ultrasound. Initial tissue thickness and deformation were measured using M-mode ultrasound; indentation forces were recorded simultaneously. An inverse finite-element analysis of the indentation protocol using axisymmetric models adjusted to reflect individual heel thickness was used to extract nonlinear material properties describing the hyperelastic behavior of each heel. Student's t-tests revealed that heel pads of diabetic subjects were not significantly different in initial thickness nor were they stiffer than those from nondiabetic subjects. Another heel-pad model with anatomically realistic surface representations of the calcaneus and soft tissue was developed to estimate peak pressure prediction errors when average rather than individualized material properties were used. Root-mean-square errors of up to 7% were calculated, indicating the importance of subject-specific modeling of the nonlinear elastic behavior of the heel pad. Indentation systems combined with the presented numerical approach can provide this information for further analysis of patient-specific foot pathologies and therapeutic footwear designs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：已经开发出一种数值实验方法来表征脚跟垫在材料水平上的变形。使用力控超声对20位糖尿病患者和20位非糖尿病患者的年龄，性别和体重指数进行匹配的左右脚跟缩进。使用M型超声测量初始组织厚度和变形;同时记录压入力。压痕方案的逆有限元分析使用了经过调整以反映单个鞋跟厚度的轴对称模型，用于提取描述每个鞋跟的超弹性行为的非线性材料特性。学生的t检验显示，与非糖尿病受试者相比，糖尿病受试者的脚跟垫的初始厚度没有明显差异，也没有变硬。开发了另一种具有跟骨和软组织解剖学逼真的表面表示的脚跟垫模型，以在使用平均而非个别材料属性时估计峰值压力预测误差。计算出高达7％的均方根误差，表明对脚跟垫的非线性弹性行为进行特定于对象的建模的重要性。压痕系统与所提出的数值方法相结合可以为进一步分析患者特定的脚部疾病和治疗性鞋类设计提供此信息。 （c）2005 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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