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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Can the growth factors PTHrP, Ihh and VEGF, together regulate the development of a long bone?
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Can the growth factors PTHrP, Ihh and VEGF, together regulate the development of a long bone?

机译：生长因子PTHrP，Ihh和VEGF是否可以共同调节长骨的发育？

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摘要

Endochondral ossification is the process of differentiation of cartilaginous into osseous tissue. Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are synthesized in different zones of the growth plate, were found to have crucial roles in regulating endochondral ossification. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the three growth factors PTHrP, Ihh and VEGF, together, could regulate longitudinal growth in a normal human, fetal femur. For this purpose, a one-dimensional finite element (FE) model, incorporating growth factor signaling, was developed of the human, distal, femoral growth plate. It included growth factor synthesis in the relevant zones, their transport and degradation and their effects. Simulations ran from initial hypertrophy in the center of the bone until secondary ossification starts at approximately 3.5 months postnatal. For clarity, we emphasize that no mechanical stresses were considered. The FE model showed a stable growth plate in which the bone growth rate was constant and the number of cells per zone oscillated around an equilibrium. Simulations incorporating increased and decreased PTHrP and Ihh synthesis rates resulted, respectively, in more and less cells per zone and in increased and decreased bone growth rates. The FE model correctly reflected the development of a growth plate and the rate of bone growth in the femur. Simulations incorporating increased and decreased PTHrP and Ihh synthesis rates reflected growth plate pathologies and growth plates in PTHrP-/- and Ihh-/- mice. The three growth factors, PTHrP, Ihh and VEGF, could potentially together regulate tissue differentiation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：软骨内骨化是软骨分化为骨组织的过程。在生长板的不同区域合成的甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白（PTHrP），印度刺猬（Ihh）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在调节软骨内骨化中起关键作用。这项研究的目的是评估三种生长因子PTHrP，Ihh和VEGF是否一起可以调节正常人胎儿股骨的纵向生长。为了这个目的，开发了人，远端，股骨生长板的结合了生长因子信号的一维有限元（FE）模型。它包括有关区域中生长因子的合成，其运输和降解及其影响。模拟从骨骼中心的最初肥大开始到产后大约3.5个月开始二次骨化。为了清楚起见，我们强调不考虑机械应力。 FE模型显示出稳定的生长板，其中骨生长速率恒定且每个区域的细胞数在平衡附近振荡。包含增加和减少的PTHrP和Ihh合成速率的模拟分别导致每个区域越来越少的细胞以及骨骼生长速率的增加和降低。 FE模型正确地反映了生长板的发育和股骨的骨生长速率。包含增加和减少的PTHrP和Ihh合成速率的模拟反映了PTHrP-/-和Ihh-/-小鼠的生长板病理学和生长板。 PTHrP，Ihh和VEGF这三个生长因子可能共同调节组织分化。 （c）2005 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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