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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Posterior acceleration as a mechanism of blunt traumatic injury of the aorta.
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Posterior acceleration as a mechanism of blunt traumatic injury of the aorta.

机译：后加速是主动脉钝性外伤的一种机制。

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Rupture of the thoracic aorta is a leading cause of rapid fatality in automobile crashes, but the exact mechanisms of this injury remain unidentified. One commonly postulated mechanism is a differential motion of the aortic arch relative to the heart and its neighboring vessels caused by high-magnitude acceleration of the thorax. This paper investigates acceleration as an aortic injury mechanism using nine impact-sled tests with human cadaver thoraces. The test system utilized generates very high posteriorly directed thoracic accelerations with minimal compression of the chest. The sled tests resulted in peak mid-spine accelerations of 169+/-35.0 g (mean+/-standard deviation) with sustained mid-spine accelerations of up to 80 g for 20 ms in most cases. The tests resulted in maximum chest compressions of 7+/-3.1% of the total chest depth, and maximum recorded increases in intra-aortic, tracheal, and esophageal pressure of 177, 112, and 156 kPa, respectively. No macroscopic injuries to the thoracic aortaresulted from these tests, though other limited visceral injury was observed. The results suggest that posteriorly directed acceleration alone (up to the magnitudes studied here) is not sufficient to cause gross aortic injury. Furthermore, the observed transient increases in intra-aortic and extra-aortic pressure indicate that complex pressure distributions are present during dynamic thoracic deceleration events. This suggests that any attempt to model traumatic aortic injury should include consideration for both the intra-aortic fluid pressure and the extra-aortic, intra-thoracic pressure present during the event.
机译：胸主动脉破裂是车祸中快速致死的主要原因，但这种损伤的确切机制尚不清楚。一种通常被假定的机制是由胸腔的高幅度加速度引起的主动脉弓相对于心脏及其邻近血管的差异运动。本文使用人体尸体胸骨的九次冲击雪橇试验研究了作为主动脉损伤机制的加速度。所使用的测试系统产生了非常高的后向胸腔加速，并且胸部受压最小。进行雪橇测试后，大多数情况下，中脊柱峰值加速度为169 +/- 35.0 g（平均+/-标准偏差），持续20 ms的中脊柱持续最高加速度为80 g。测试导致最大胸部按压量为总胸部深度的7 +/- 3.1％，并且记录的最大主动脉内压力，气管压力和食管压力分别增加了177、112和156 kPa。尽管观察到其他有限的内脏损伤，但这些测试未对胸部主动脉造成宏观损伤。结果表明，仅向后定向的加速度（直至此处研究的幅度）不足以导致严重的主动脉损伤。此外，观察到的主动脉内和主动脉外压力的瞬时增加表明动态胸廓减速事件期间存在复杂的压力分布。这表明，对创伤性主动脉损伤进行建模的任何尝试均应同时考虑主动脉内流体压力和事件期间存在的主动脉外，胸腔内压力。

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