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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Common protective movements govern unexpected falls from standing height.
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Common protective movements govern unexpected falls from standing height.

机译：常见的保护动作可防止站立时意外摔倒。

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摘要

Simple energy considerations suggest that any fall from standing height has the potential to cause hip fracture. However, only 1-2% of falls among the elderly actually result in hip fracture, and less than 10% cause serious injury. This suggests that highly effective movement strategies exist for preventing injury during a fall. To determine the nature of these, we measured body segment movements as subjects (aged 22-35 yr) stood upon a gymnasium mattress and attempted to prevent themselves from falling after the mattress was made to translate abruptly. Subjects were more than twice as likely to fall after anterior translations of the feet, when compared to posterior or lateral translations. In falls which resulted in impact to the pelvis, a complex sequence of upper extremity movements allowed subjects to impact their wrist at nearly the same instant as the pelvis (average time interval between contacts = 38 ms), suggesting a sharing of contact energy between the two body parts. Finally, marked trunk rotation was exhibited in falls due to lateral (but not anterior or posterior) perturbations, resulting in the avoidance of impact to the lateral aspect of the hip. These results suggest that body segment movements during falls, rather than being random and unpredictable, involve a repeatable series of responses which facilitate safe landing.
机译：简单的能量考虑因素表明，站立时跌落均可能导致髋部骨折。但是，只有1-2％的老年人跌倒实际上会导致髋部骨折，不到10％的人会造成严重伤害。这表明存在用于防止跌倒伤害的高效运动策略。为了确定这些物体的性质，我们测量了当受试者（22-35岁）站在体育馆床垫上时身体的动作，并试图防止他们在床垫突然平移后掉落。与后移或侧移相比，受试者脚前移后跌倒的可能性是前移或后移的两倍以上。在跌倒导致对骨盆的撞击时，一系列复杂的上肢运动使受试者几乎在与骨盆相同的瞬间撞击腕部（两次接触之间的平均时间间隔= 38 ms），这表明两肢之间的接触能量共享两个身体部位。最后，由于侧向（而不是前侧或后侧）扰动，在跌倒时躯干旋转明显，从而避免了对臀部外侧的影响。这些结果表明，跌倒期间的身体分段运动不是随机且不可预测的，而是涉及一系列可重复的响应，这些响应有助于安全降落。

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